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۱) Willett, W.C. 1997. Nutrition and cancer.
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3) Staessen L., D. De Bacquer, S. De Henauw, et al ۱۹۹۷ Relation between fat intake and mortality: an ecological analysis in Belgium.
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۴) Rose, d. P. 1997. Dietary fatty acids and prevention of hormone-responsive cancer.
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5) Giovannucci, E., M.N. Pollak, E.A. Platz, et al. 2000. A prospective study of plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 and binding protein-3 and risk of colorectal neoplasia in women.
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6) Bohlke, K., D.W. Cramer, D. Trichopoulos, and C. S. Mantzoros. 1998. Insulin-like growth factor-1 in relation to pre-menopausal ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast.
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7) Wolk. A., C.S. Mantzoros, S.O. Andersson, et al. 1998. Insulin like growth factor-1 and prostate cancer risk: a population-based case- control study.
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8) Position of American Dietetic association(ADA): Vegetarian Diets
J.Jada. 2009. 05.027
9) Messina V, Mangels R, Messina M. The Dietitian’s Guide to Vegetarian Diets: Isusues and Applications. 2
nd ed. Sudbury, MA:
Jones and Bartlett Publishers; 2004.
10) Hunt JR, Roughead ZK. Adaptation of Iron absorption in men consuming diets with high or low iron bioavalibility.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71:94-102.
11) Eisman, George, M.A., Msc. R.D. “A Basic Course in Vegetarian and Vegan Nutrition” ۲۰۰۳ ISBN 0-961-4435-0-0 pp.69-70
12) Position of American Dietetic Association(ADA): Vegetarian Diets
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13) Davey GK, Spencer EA, Appleby PN,Allen NE, Knox KH, Key TJ EPIC-Oxford: Lifestyle characteristics and nutrients intakes in a cohort of 33,883 meat-eaters and 31,546 none meat-eaters in the UK.
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14) U.S. Department of Agriculture. “USDA Nutrition Database for Standard References.” Washington ,DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service 2002. Accessed at
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15) Holden JM, Eldridge AL, Beecher GR, et al. “Carotenoid content of U.S. Foods: an update of the database.
J. Food Comp. Anal. 12(1999): 169-196,
16) The exact food listings in the database were: Ground Beef, 80% lean/20% fat, raw; Pork, fresh, ground, raw; Chicken, broilers or fryers, meat and skin, raw; Milk, dry, whole; Spinach,raw; Tomato,red,ripe,raw, year-round average; Lima Beans, large,mature seeds,raw; Peas,green,raw;Potatoes,russet,flesh and skin,raw
17) Dr. Bernard Jensen,” Guide to Body Chemistry and Nutrition,
Keats Publishing, 2000
18) Spencer,Colin, “The Heretic’s Feast, a History of Vegetarianism” ۱۹۹۶
۱۹) Harris, William, M.D. “The Scientific basis of vegetarianism,
Hawaii Health Publishers, 1995
20) Ornish,D, Brown SE, et al “Can Lifestyle changes reverse coronary artery disease”
Lancet 336(1990):129-133
21) Esselstyn,CB, Ellis GG, et al “A strategy to arrest and reverse coronary artery disease: A 5-year longitudinal study of a single physician practice”
J. Family Practice:41(1995):560-568
22) Esselstyn CJ, “ Introduction: Mpre than coronary artery disease”
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23) Phillps,R., et al., “Coronary Heart Disease Mortality among Seventh-Day Adventists with Differing Dietary Habits,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 31(1978):S191-8; Burr,M.,et al.,”Vegetarianism, Dietary Fiber and Mortality,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 36(1982):873-7; Burr,M.,et al., “Heart Disease in British Vegetarians,”
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 48(1988):830-2; Thorogood,M., et al., “Risk of Death from Cancer and Ischaemic Heart Disease in Meat and Non-meat Eaters,”
British Medical Journal 308(1994):
1666-71; Berkel,J., et al “ Mortality Pattern and Life Expectancy of Seventh-Day Adventists in the Netherlands,
International Journal of Epidemiology12(1983):455-9; Chang-Claude,J., et al., “Mortality Pattern of German Vegetarians after 11 Years of Followup,”
Epidemiology3 (1992):
395-401
24) Resnicow, etal., “Diet and Serum Lipids in Vegan Vegetarians.” See also Messina and Messina,
The Dietitian’s Guide to Vegetarian Diets
25) Ophir O., et al., “Low Blood Pressure in Vegetarians…”, “
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 37(1983); see also Melby,C.L., et al., “ Blood Pressure in Vegetarians and Non Vegetarians: A Cross-Sectional Analysis,”
Nutrition Research 5(1985):1077-82., Melby,C.L., et al., “ Relation Between Vegetarian/None-Vegetarian Diets and Blood Pressure…”
American Journal of Public Health, 79(1989):1283-8
26) Ophir,et al, “Low Blood Pressure in Vegetarians
27) McDougall, The McDougall Program, pp.222-3, see also Lindahl,O et al., A Vegan Regimen with Reduced Medication in Treatment of Hypertention,”
British Journal of Nutrition 52( 1984):11-20; Rouse,I.L., et al., “Blood Pressure Lowering Effect of Vegetarian Diet: Controlled Trial…,”
Lancet 1 (1983):5-10
28) Castelli, William, M.D., Director, Farmingham Heart Study, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute
29) Neal Barnard, “ The Power of Your Plate”: Summer Town ,
TN: Book publishing company 1990, p.26
30) Health Professional Follow-up Study , reported in “Dairy Products Linked to Prostate Cancer,”
Associated Press, April 5,2000
31) Giovannucci E., et al., “Tomatoes, Tomato-Based Products, Lycopene, and Cancer: Review of the epidemiologic Literature,”
Journal of the National Cancer Institute,91(1999):317-31; see also Giovannucci,
Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 87(1995):1767-76
32) Journal of the National Cancer Institute 92(2000)61-8, cited in Vegetables Lowers Prostate Cancer Risk,”
Loma Linda University Vegetarian Nutrition and Health Letter, March 2000; see also: Meat Consumption Increases the risk of Prostate Cancer,. A new study on morethan 175,000 men in
NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study., Sinha R, et al., “ Meat and Meat-Related Compounds and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a large prospective cohort study in the U.S.;
Am. J. epidemiol. 2009;170:1165-1177
33) American Association of Endocrine Surgeons Presidential Address: Beyond surgery, Caldwell Esselstyn, San Jose, CA, April 15, 1991;
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34) Singh,P.N., et al., “Dietary Risk Factors for Colon Cancer in a Low Risk Population,”
American Journal of Epidemiology 148(1998):761-74. , see also: Willet, Walter, et al., “ Relation of Meat, Fat, and Fiber Intake to the Risk of Colon Cancer…, “
New England Journal of Medicine December 13,1990; Willet qouted in Kolata, Gina, “Animal Fat is Tied to Colon Cancer,” New York Times, December 13 1990; O’Keefe, S.J., et al “ Rarity of Colon Cancer in Africans is Associatedwith Low Animal Product Consumption, Not Fiber,”
American Journal of Gastroenterology 94(1999)1373-80
35) Ibid.
36) Ibid.
37) Ibid.