Dear Blue_Moon
Please pay attention to the regulations of this forum before leaving your post. You're not allowed to writre in Persian in English forum.
About your question,
I can tell you in this way that a noun clause is a kind of clause which comes in a sentence and can act as the subject or object of that sentence like
I know that coffee grows in Brazil.(noun clause as the object of the sentence)
How he gets the money is his own affair.(noun clause as the subject of the sentence)
But an adjective clause is a clause that comes after a noun to complete its meaning.It's sometimes called a relative clause, too. Like
This is the year when the Olympic games are held.
He paid the man whom he had hired.
This is the girl whose picture you saw.
Now in your text, I've marked the adjective clasues with blue color and the noun clasuses with red one. And you'd better know that sometimes an adjective or a noun clause may contain another noun or adjective clause.
The control of fire was the first and perhaps greatest of humanity’s steps towards a life-enhancing technology.
To early man fire was a divine gift randomly delivered in the form of lighting forest fire or burning lava.
Unable to make flame for themselves, the earliest peoples probably stored fire by keeping slow-burning logs alight or by carrying charcoal in pots.
How and where man learnt how to produce flame at will is unknown.
It was probably a secondary Invention, accidentally made during tool-making operations with wood or stone.
Studies of primitive societies suggest that the earliest method of making fire was through friction European peasants would insert a wooden drill in a round hole and rotate it briskly between their palms.
This process could be speeded up by wrapping a cord around the drill and pulling on each end.
The Ancient Greeks usual lenses or concave mirrors to concentrate the sun’s rays and burning glasses were also used by Mexican Aztecs and the Chinese.
Percussion methods of fire lighting date back to Paleolithic times, when some Stone Age tool-makers discovered that chipping flints produced sparks the technique became more efficient after the discovery of iron, about 5000 years ago.
In Arctic North America, the Eskimos produced a slow-burning spark by striking quarts against iron pyrites, a compound that contains sulphur.
The Chinese lit their fires by striking porcelain with bamboo.
In Europe, the combination of steel, flint and tinder remained the main method of fire-lighting until the mid-19th century.
Fire-lighting was revolutionized by the discovery of phosphorus, isolated in 1669 by a German alchemist trying to transmute silver into gold.
Impressed by the element’s combustibility, several 17th century chemists used it to manufacture fire-lighting devices, but the results were dangerously inflammable.
With phosphorus costing the equivalent of several hundred pounds per ounce, the first matches were expensive.
The quest for a practical match really began after 1781 when a group of French chemists came up with the phosphoric candle or Ethereal Match, a sealed glass tube containing a twist of paper tipped with phosphorus.
When the tube was broken, air rushed in, causing the phosphorus to self combust.