How to improve vocabulary??l

[Ramana]

Is Your English Too Formal?

Does your English come across as too polite? While formal language is essential with your boss and your customers, you would sound strange to your friends if you speak with them in the same way. To tone down your English for life's casual situations, check out these tips.

Meetings and greetings

Do you ask everyone you see, "How do you do?" Though quite common in days past, today it's only appropriate in very formal situations - not with your friends. In most situations, choose a more common phrase like, "How are you?" With friends, you could also say, "Hey, what's up?" or "How's it going?"

Wining and dining

"Would you mind passing me the salt, please?" It's always important to remember your manners, especially when you're eating with business associates or important guests. But when you're just grabbing a bite to eat with friends, and you need the salt, it's quite OK to just say, "Hey, pass the salt."

Coming and going

You receive an urgent message during an important meeting, so you ask, "Would you excuse me for a moment, please?" But what if you're with your friends? Just tell them to "hang on a sec" or say you'll "be right back." Remember, it's not always impolite to be informal.

Didn't hear it?

Your customer is speaking to you, but you didn't understand what she said. Don't panic. Just be polite and say, "Excuse me, but would you mind repeating that?" On the other hand, in more casual situations, just ask, "Come again?" or "What did you say?"

Good impressions

"This is quite an impressive abode, my dear." This is a formal way to tell people that you really like their home. If you're over at a friend's place, however, there's no need for such serious language. Your friends would be perfectly happy to hear you exclaim, "What a cool place, man!"

[Ramana]

Essential expressions for managing a project in English

Whether you're a project manager or just a member of a project team, you can't avoid all the project management lingo flying around in offices around the world today. The problem is many of these expressions can't even be found in the dictionary. Just rely on our project management guide to learn today's office talk for tomorrow's projects!

Define the scope One of the first steps in project management is to determine the impact and the boundaries of a project, in other words creating the project scope. The scope should provide a description of the end products expected to be produced by the project.

Establish a timeline Next you should decide the time frame that specifies when each step of the project should be completed. By creating a timeline you will be able to know if you are on schedule throughout the life of the project.

Specify target outcomes How do you gauge the success of your project? It's important to specify target outcomes, or desired results that have measurable benefits, to use in determining your success

Determine necessary outputs Take time to think about the products, services, and business or management practices, otherwise known as outputs, that you will need in place in order to achieve your target outcomes.

Put a project team together People are the key to the success of your project. Select capable employees to take part in the project team - the team of people working together to accomplish the project - assigning appropriate roles to each.

Record milestones When members of the project team complete a scheduled key activity or task, make sure it is recorded. Milestones are either completed or not completed, and they can serve as a progress marker for the project.

Create baseline metrics Progress and performance should be evaluated using baseline metrics, which are a set of indicators that performance should be measured against.

Set a budget cost Determine how much you anticipate the project will cost, and set a budget cost at the start of the project. Later, you can refine your budget and make it more detailed.

Produce deliverables In order to ensure satisfaction of contractual requirements, you'll need to produce deliverables, such as reports or products that must be completed and delivered. Make sure they are produced on time!

Execute risk management In every project, there will always be risks, or threats that may hinder the successful completion of the project. A good project manager will execute risk management processes by identifying, analyzing, evaluating and treating potential risks

[Ramana]

Business English you should know

Can you stay on top of all the English at your workplace? Or do you feel
you're behind in your language learning? English is the
international business language, but not all of it is straightforward.
Here are some terms you might hear at your office

Stay on top of
If you're feeling overwhelmed in your job, you're probably not
staying on top of your work. This means to stay in control, and not get
behind or let your work pile up

On the ball
This phrase comes from the sports field. When you are on the ball, you
have to be alert and in charge. "Make sure you are on the ball with
those reports." The opposite is to drop the ball, which would mean not
completing an assignment and letting down the people you work with

Think outside the box
Many employers expect their staff to think creatively and approach
projects in new and different ways. In this phrase, the box signifies
conventional wisdom, or what is already known. Thinking outside the box
suggests coming up with new and innovative methods. "For this marketing
project, we need to think outside the box

Get the ball rolling
This idiom means to start something and set it in motion. "Let's get the
ball rolling on this project." Once you're off to a great start, you may
express your desire to keep the ball rolling

Brainstorm
This means to spend time thinking up lots of ideas. Many companies may
hold brainstorming sessions to tackle problems and dream up new ideas.
"Let's brainstorm new ideas for the advertising campaign.

Pull strings
What happens when you pull the strings to a puppet? It does what you
want it to do. This phrase means to go beyond what is normally done to
make something happen. "It will be difficult to talk with her. You may
have to pull some strings with her department

Multi-tasking
Are you good at multi-tasking or doing multiple tasks at the same time?
"This week we need you to write a report, make a presentation, and
review last year's earnings. I hope you can multi-task!" It still means
you only get paid one salary though

Bite off more than you can chew
If you take on too much work, you may not be able to do it all properly.
"He's working late every night. He bit off more than he could chew

Downtime
Are there periods of time where you don't have much work to do? Where
your job is just not as busy? That time is called downtime. "If you have
some downtime this week, please brainstorm some ideas for our next team
outing

[Ramana]

Burry the hatchet

To agree to stop arguing
Make up/make it
Burry the hatchet
Be reconciled
Patch up
Clear the air
conciliatory

Burry the hatchet:

To agree to stop arguing and forgive each other, esp. a long time after you first had the argument.


Example:

It’s about time to burry the hatchet after all these years.

[Ramana]

Punctuation

1 - hyphen

2 — dash

3 ! exclamation mark

4 # sharp

5 & ampersand

6 · bullet

7 ( ) (round) brackets; (round) parenthesis

8 * asterisk

9 , comma

10 . 1 full stop 2 point

11 ... ellipsis points; ellipsis dots

12 / oblique; slash;

13 : colon

14 ; semi-colon

15 ? question mark

16 [ ] (
square) brackets; (square) parenthesi 17
backslash

18 __
underline 19 ‘’ quotation marks; inverted commas

20 † dagger

[Ramana]

Numbers

The main units of numbers in English are:

1
10
100
1000
1000000
1000000000
one
ten
hundred
thousand
million
billion

Here is a list of numbers. On the left are normal or "cardinal" numbers. On the right are "ordinal" numbers, which we use to define a thing's position in a series.

Cardinal Number

Ordinal Number

0

zero, nought

1

one

1st

first

2

two

2nd

second

3

three

3rd

third

4

four

4th

fourth

5

five

5th

fifth

6

six

6th

sixth

7

seven

7th

seventh

8

eight

8th

eighth

9

nine

9th

ninth

10

ten

10th

tenth

11

eleven

11th

eleventh

12

twelve

12th

twelfth

13

thirteen

13th

thirteenth

14

fourteen

14th

fourteenth

15

fifteen

15th

fifteenth

16

sixteen

16th

sixteenth

17

seventeen

17th

seventeenth

18

eighteen

18th

eighteenth

19

nineteen

19th

nineteenth

20

twenty

20th

twentieth

21

twenty-one

21st

twenty-first

22

twenty-two

22nd

twenty-second

23

twenty-three

23rd

twenty-third

24

twenty-four

24th

twenty-fourth

30

thirty

30th

thirtieth

31

thirty-one

31st

thirty-first

40

forty

40th

fortieth

50

fifty

50th

fiftieth

60

sixty

60th

sixtieth

70

seventy

70th

seventieth

80

eighty

80th

eightieth

90

ninety

90th

ninetieth

100

hundred

100th

hundredth

101

hundred and one

101st

hundred and first

152

hundred and fifty-two

152nd

hundred and fifty-second

200

two hundred

200th

two hundredth

1,000

thousand

1,000th

thousandth

1,000,000

million

1,000,000th

millionth

1,000,000,000

billion

1,000,000,000th

billionth

For numbers in the hundreds, the British usually say "and" but the Americans usually do not say "and":

• British English
  120 = one hundred and twenty
• American English
  120 = one hundred twenty

Note that in English, we usually separate the digits of numbers over 999 with a comma (,). We count 3 digits from the right and insert a comma, like this:

<
-
-
-
<
-
-
-






1
,
0
0
0
one thousand

1
,
0
0
0
,
0
0
0
one million
1
2
,
7
5
0
,
2
0
0
twelve million, seven hundred and fifty thousand, two hundred

We use a point (.) to indicate a decimal number, or to separate dollars from cents, pounds from pennies and so on. Here are some examples:

0
.
1

=
one tenth or 1/10





1
.
0

=
one

1
,
0
0
0



=
one thousand

1
,
5
0
0
.
7
5
=
one thousand five hundred and three quarters




$
1
.
5
0
=
one dollar and fifty cents


$
7
0
0
.
0
0
=
seven hundred dollars
£
3
,
5
0
0
.
0
1
=
three thousand five hundred pounds and one penny

Be careful with commas and points. Some languages use them in the opposite way!

[Ramana]

Disasters

Natural Disasters

Hurricane= a storm with very strong winds.

Earthquake= a sudden strong shaking of the ground.

Flood= when there is flood, a lot of water covers the land.

Drought= a long time when there is not enough rain.

Famine= a famine happens when there is not enough food in a country.

Typhoon= a violent tropical storm in the pacific or Indian ocean with very strong winds.

Tornado= a violent storm with a very strong winds that blows in a circle.

Tsunami= an extremely large wave in the sea caused, for example by an earthquake.

Synonym: tidal wave.

Volcano= a mountain with a hole in the top where fire, gas and hot liquid rock (called lava) sometimes come out.

Have you ever experienced these disasters?

If yes, so tell us about it. I myself never experienced.

[Ramana]

Eating out

Places where you can eat

Café: you can have a cup of coffee/tea and a snack there (=something small to eat like a sandwich or a cake) they sometimes serve meals there too.

Restaurant: you go there for a full meal; more expensive than a Café

Bar/pup: bars and pups serve alcohol and soft drinks. (=non alcohol drinks like fruit juice and lemonade)

Sandwich bar: a place that serves lots of different sandwiches. People usually buy sandwiches and take them to eat in a different places, at work or in a park.

Fast food Restaurant /Café: you take what you want, pay for it and take it to your table

[Ramana]

انواع کار خلاف


Crime

Robberyدزدی

Murder قتل

Burglary دزدی منزل

Mugging کتک زدن

Person

A robber

A murderer

A burglar

A mugger

Verb

To rob somebody or a place (bank)

To murder somebody

To break into a house

To mug somebody

Crime

Car theft سرقت اتومبیل

Drug pushing/dealing مواد مخدر

Terrorism

Shoplifting

Person

A car theft

A drug pusher/dealer

A terrorist

A shoplifter دزدی از مغازه

Verb

To steal a car (steal/stole/stolen)

To sell drugs (sell/sold/sold)

To attack somebody or a place

To steal things from a shop

[aliani]

سلام دوستان من خیلی وقته دارم انگلیسی دست و پا شکسته کار میکنم الانم به فکر یادگیری لغت به طور قوی افتادم خوب قطعا دوستان هم دیکشنری به صورت en به en پیشنهاد میکنن اما یه مشکلی این وسط هست برای ترجمه یک لغت و اون اینکه همونطور که میدونید هر لغت مترادفهایی داره و قطعا با اون مترادفها معنی میشه اما خب درسته که اون لغات مترادف هم معنیه اون هست اما خیلی وقتها دیده شده که اون لغت مترادف جایگزین واقعی اون لغت نیست یعنی نمیشه در جمله از اون لغت استفاده کرد (ممکنه بعضی موقعها بشه استفاده کرد اما معنی جمله رو خیلی کم عوض میکنه) بلکه یه ویژگی خاصی داره که اونو از اون یکی لغت در عین ترادف متمایز میکنه .
میخواستم بدونم میتونید یه کتاب نرم افزار هر چی بهم معرفی کنید که معنی دقیق هر کلمه و اون ویزگی خاص اون کلمه که اونرو از کلمه مترادفش کمی متمایز میکنه رو گفته باشه و همچنین اون کلمه رو در جمله یا در اصطلاحات بکار برده باشه ؟

ممنون میشم در این رابطه کمکم کنید .