Translation

[piishii]

account for
1. be the reason or explanation for; "The recession accounts for the slow retail business"
2. give reasons for; "Can you account for all these absences?"
l

میشه توضیح دادن، دلیل آوردن -
یعنی :
classical'genomic action of estrogens نمی تونه دلیلی برای other rapid effects of strogen باشه

جمله دوم که shown از to be present جدا هست.
نشون میده که حاضر هست در تمام آزمایش های برزرگسالان
نشون می ده که هست

جمله سوم که باید قبل و بعدش را بنویسی

As early as X
یعنی به زودیX

hi thanks
let me correct u in two words
testis: بیضه ها
adult : اینجا معنای بالغ رو میده .
به هر حال متن که نبوده پیشتون اما بیضه ها رو تست معنی کردن .......مخصوصا اینکه استروژن هم گفته شده
شوخی میکنم متن خوب مال بچه هایی با رشته ی منه نه شما

[vahide]

For example they say

Would you wrap it

[Petros]

For example they say

Would you wrap it

Gift Wrap Is The Verb

[emtn]

Thanx, Thanx
Fortunately I Found Something With This Keyword: 50 Cent Instrumental Music

U R welcome!
I'm glad that it worked.

[Kurosh]

Hello My Friends,Would You You Mnid Translating This Persian Text To English?

ايده تفکري است رو به نوگرايي،آفريدن و باز آفريني.نوآوري را سرلوحه ي کارمان قرار داديم تا يک دل و يک سو در خدمت کار گروهي و گروه کاري بمانيم.ايده هسته کار ماست.

Thanks A Lot

[Petros]

دوستان ببخشید اینقدر سوال میکنم، این دو جمله رو هم اگه میشه معنی کنید.

1. بازم بهت رو دادم؟
2. نقش پررنگ تر مترو در جا به جایی مردم (در اصل پررنگ تر مد نظرم هست)

[Asalbanoo]

بازم بهت رو دادم؟

رو دادن:countenance a person
to make one cheecky
to spoil a person



نقش پررنگ تر مترو در جا به جایی مردم (در اصل پررنگ تر مد نظرم هست)

the more important(highlighted) rol of metro in transporting

[SalamBarShoma]

If you have a short text (in Persian or in English) and have a problem translating it, you can post it here and your friends can help you with it. Please do not post long texts.

BEE BEHAVIOR
Bee behavior refers to what bees do - as individuals and as a colony. By studying their behavior, we may learn how to change it to our benefit.

Two practical discoveries of bee behavior made our beekeeping of today possible. One was the discovery by Langstroth of bee space. The other was the discovery by G. M. Doolittle that large numbers of queens could be reared by transferring larvae to artificial queen cups. The discovery of the "language" of bees and of their use of polarized light for navigation has attracted considerable interest all over the world.

Much has been learned about the behavior of insects, including bees, in recent years. As an example, the term "pheromone" had not been coined in 1953, when Ribbands summarized the subject of bee behavior in his book, The Behaviour and Social Life of Honeybees. A pheromone is a substance secreted by an animal that causes a specific reaction by another individual of the same species. Now many bee behavior activities can be explained as the effect of various pheromones.

Recently, we have learned how certain bee behavior activities are inherited, and this information gives us a vast new tool to tailor-make the honey bee of our choice. Further studies should reveal other ways to change bees to produce specific strains for specific uses.



The Honey Bee Colony
The physical makeup of a colony has been described. An additional requirement of a colony is a social pattern or organization, probably associated with a "social pheromone." It causes the bees to collect and store food for later use by other individuals. It causes them to maintain temperature control for community survival when individually all would perish. Individuals within the colony communicate with each other but not with bees of another colony. Certain bees in the colony will sting to repel an intruder, even though the act causes their death. All of these, and perhaps many other organizational activities, probably are caused by pheromones.

There is no known governmental hierarchy giving orders for work to be done, but a definite effect on the colony is observed when the queen disappears. This effect seems to be associated with a complex material produced by the queen that we refer to as "queen substance." There also is evidence that the worker bees from 10 to 15 days old, who have largely completed their nursing and household duties but have not begun to forage, control the "governmental" structure. Just what controls them has not been determined.

These and many other factors make an organized colony out of the many thousands of individuals.


The Domicile

When the swarm emerges from its domicile and settles in a cluster on a tree, certain "scout bees" communicate to it the availability of other domiciles. At least some of these domiciles may have been located by the scout bees before the swarm emerged. The various scouts perform their dances on the cluster to indicate the direction, distance, and desirability of the domiciles. Eventually, the cluster becomes united in its approval of a particular site. Then the swarm moves in a swirling mass of flying bees to it. Agreement always is unanimous.

When a swarm or combless package is placed in a box, allowed to fly, and supplied with abundant food, it builds comb. With a laying queen present, the first comb is "worker" in design, with about 25 cells per square inch. As the population of bees grows larger, and after there is a considerable amount of worker comb built, comb containing larger cells is constructed. This comb, termed storage comb by Langstroth, is used for rearing drones. We have found that bees store their first honey all across the top of the combs, utilizing both drone and worker cells.

The space between honey storage combs is much more uniform than between brood combs. The space left between capped honey cells is usually one-fourth inch or even less - room enough for one layer of bees to move.

As the colony ages, the combs that were first used for rearing worker bees may be converted to honey storage comb; areas damaged in any way are rebuilt. These changes usually affect the bee space and result in combs being joined together with "brace" comb. Strains of bees show genetic variation in building these brace combs.

All these cells are horizontal or nearly so; vertical cells are used for rearing queens. Why horizontal cells are used for the rearing of brood and for honey and pollen storage, whereas vertical cells are built only for queen production, is unknown.
Flight Behavior
When several thousand bees and a queen are placed in new surroundings - which happens when the swarm enters its new domicile or a package of bees is installed, or a colony is moved to a new location - normal flight of some workers from the entrance may occur within minutes. If flowering plants are available, bees may be returning to the hive with pollen within an hour. Bees transferred by air from Hawaii to Louisiana and released at 11:30 a.m. were returning to the new location with pollen loads within an hour. Package bee buyers in the Northern States have noticed similar patterns in bees shipped from the South.

What causes this virtually instant foraging by bees? What determines whether they collect pollen, nectar, or water? If food and water in the hive are sufficient, why should they leave to forage? Answers to these questions may lead to our directing bees to specific duties we desire accomplished.


Housecleaning

Certain waste material accumulates in a normal colony. Adult bees and immature forms may die. Wax scales, cappings from the cells of emerging bees, particles of pollen, and crystallized bits of honey drop to the floor of the hive. Intruders, such as wax moths, bees from other colonies, and predators, are killed and fall to the floor. Worker bees remove this debris from the hive.

The cleaning behavior of some strains of bees, associated with removal of larvae and pupae that have died of American foulbrood, is genetically controlled by two genes. This discovery is important not only because it might help in developing bees resistant to diseases, but also in indicating that other behavior characteristics of bees can be genetically modified to suit special needs.
Age Levels of Bees Correlated With Work Habits

The honey bee is adaptable to many environments. Honey bees that were native only to Europe, Asia, and Africa have adapted well to all but the polar regions of the world. Part of this adaptability lies in the capacity of the individual bee to "sense" what must be done, then to perform the necessary duty.

Under normal conditions, all ages of bees are in the hive and, in general, the bee's age determines its daily activity. In response to special needs of the colony, however, bees are capable of altering the division of labor according to age. Young bees feed larvae, build comb, and ripen nectar into honey in a rather definite sequence. After about 3 weeks, they become field bees. If many field bees are killed by pesticides, young bees go to the field at a younger age to get necessary chores accomplished.

Other Behavior Activities of Bees
The Drones
The time of day that drones fly in search of a mate depends on many factors, such as the geographic location, day length, and temperature. Drones usually fly from the hive in large numbers between 11 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. Morning or early afternoon flights may last 2 or 3 hours. Later flights are shorter. When out of the hive, drones congregate in "mating areas," which may serve to attract virgin queens. These areas usually are less than 100 feet from the ground and seem to be associated with land terrain.
The Queen
The virgin queen becomes sexually mature about 5 days after emergence. She is relatively quiet in the morning and most active in the afternoon. She may begin her mating flights 5 or 6 days after emergence and go on a number of flights over several days. Mating with 8 to 12 drones will stock her spermatheca with 6 million to 7 million sperm. She will begin to lay eggs in 2 to 5 days and may continue for years.



A young, fully mated queen rarely lays drone eggs before she is several months old. After that time, she controls the --- of the offspring by laying either fertilized or nonfertilized eggs.

Worker bees occasionally kill their queen. More frequently, they will kill a newly introduced or virgin queen. To do this, 15 or 20 worker bees collect about her in a tight ball until she starves. Generally, it has been thought that bees "balled" strange or introduced queens because they did not have the proper "colony" odor. The reason for balling is probably more complicated than that, because bees occasionally will ball their own queen. Even if the ball is broken up, the queen seldom survives and the stimulus is powerful enough that the bees taking part in the queen balling are sometimes subsequently balled by other bees

[SalamBarShoma]

if u can,help me

[shalineh]

do you want we translate it?i