hi every body
in this topic you can introduce your city
thanks
Printable View
hi every body
in this topic you can introduce your city
thanks
its good idea
but why you dont ready first?
could we use a passage from a site or we must write it ourselves
hi dear mehranنقل قول:
now i am perpose my passage and i will post them after a few days
thanks
hiنقل قول:
you jast introduce your city and it is not important to it be frpm a site or fram you
thanks
Kermanshah (Persian: کرمانشاه, Kermānshāh, Gorani Kurdish: کرماشان), is the capital city of Kermanshah Province, located 525 kilometers (324 miles) from Tehran in the western part of Iran. The city is about 50 miles from the border of Iraq. It had an estimated population of 822,921 in 2005 [1] and its climate is mild. The majority of the inhabitants speak Farsi as well as the Kalhori dialects of Kurdish. The majority of the population in this city are Shi'a Muslims.
Given its antiquity, attractive landscapes and rich culture, Kermanshah is considered one of the cradles of prehistoric cultures such as Neolithic villages.
According to archaeological surveys and excavation, the Kermanshah area have been occupied by prehistoric people since Lower Paleolithic Period, and continued to later Paleolithic periods till late Pleistocene period.The Lower Paleolithic evidence consist of some handaxes found in the Gakia area to the east of the city. The Middle Paleolithic remains have been found in the northern viceinity of the city in Tang-e Kenesht and near Taq-e Bostan. The known Paleolithic caves in this area are Warwasi, Kobeh, and Do-Ashkaft.
The region was also one of the first places in which human settlements including Asiab, Qazanchi, Tappeh Sarab and Ganj-Darreh were established between 8000-10.000 years ago. This is about the same time that the first potteries pertaining to Iran were made in Ganj-Darreh, near present-day Harsin. Kermanshah has some of the most interesting and famous archaeological sites. Its construction is attributed to Tahmoures Divband, the fabulous king of Pishdadian dynasty, but some others attribute it to the Sassanids. It was a glorious city in Sassanid period about the 4th century AD when it became a political city and a significant health center serving as a summer resort for Sassanid kings.
In A.D. 226, following a two-year war led by the Persian Emperor - Ardashir I - against Kurdish tribes in the region, the Empire reinstated a local Kurdish prince, Kayus of Medya, to rule Kermanshah. Within the dynasty known as the House of Kayus (also Kâvusakân) remained a semi-independent Kurdish kingdom lasting until A.D. 380 before Ardashir II removed the dynasty's last ruling member.[2]
Kermanshah was conquered by the Arabs in A.D. 640 and called the town Qirmasin (Qirmashin). Under Seljuk rule in the 11th century, it was, and still is, a major cultural and commercial centre in Western Iran and the southern Kurdish region as a whole. The Safavids fortified the town, and the Qajars repulsed an attack by the Turks during Fath Ali Shah's rule (1797–1834).
Occupied by the Turkish Army in 1915 during World War I, it was evacuated in 1917. Kermanshah played an important role in Mashrota Movement in Qajar period and Republic Movement in Pahlavi period.
After The Islamic Revolution in the 1970's, the city and its provinces (also called Kermanshah) were shortly renamed Bakhtaran, apparently owing to the use of "Shah" in the name. After the Iran-Iraq War, however, they renamed it to Kermanshah. The City was hit hard during the Iran-Iraq War, and although it was rebuilt, it has never fully recovered.
Tabriz (Persian and Azeri: تبریز Təbriz Armenian: Թավրիզ) is the largest city in north-western Iran with a population of 1,523,085 people (2006 est.).[1] Tabriz is situated north of the volcanic cone of Sahand south of the Eynali mountain. It is the capital of East Azarbaijan Province.
Historically, the founding of the city is shrouded in mystery. Most sources mention the Sassanid era, while others believe it to be even further back in history. The present-day city has been built and rebuilt on the site of the ancient settlement of Tauris, which prospered as a trade center and was the capital of Armenia in the 3rd century. After the Mongol invasion of Iran, Tabriz became the capital of the Ilkhanate empire from about 1270 to 1305, of the Aq Quyunlu dynasty from about 1469 to about 1502, and of the Safavids from 1502-1548. It also fell under Ottoman rule for some time during the time of the Safavids.
In his book Legend: The Genesis of Civilisation (later made into a documentary for the Discovery Channel) the British Egyptologist and historian David Rohl suggests that the Biblical Garden of Eden was situated here.
Violent earthquakes have wiped out most of the historic monuments of Tabriz. One important monument that has survived these earthquakes is the Tabriz Citadel (Ark-e Tabriz or Ark-e Alishah), a ruin of vertical book-shaped elements. The Blue Mosque of Tabriz (مسجد کبود Gouy-Masjed) is another important monument in the city.
Tabriz is where the constitutionalists of Iran were centered during the early 20th century. An American who died defending the Constitutional Revolution, Howard Baskerville, is buried in Tabriz. The famous Iranian historian and philosopher, Ahmad Kasravi, was born in a nearby village called Hokmavar. Samad Behrangi, a famous writer and musicians, along with Ali Salimi, Vahid Houseini, and Bigjeh-Khani were tar specialists from this city.
Daytime temperatures usually reach at least 30 degrees Celsius (high 80s Fahrenheit) in July and August and drop below freezing in January.
History
Etymology
The origin of the name "Tabriz" is debated. Some say Armenian, and some Assyrian.
The popular etymology of the name Tabriz from tab=fever, riz = pourer away (verb, rikhtan = pour away, flow; German rieseln?), hence "fever-destroying," is erroneous and was invented in modern times. It is related that Zobeideh, the wife of Harun-al-Rashid, founded the town in 791 after recovering there from fever, but the earlier chronicles give no support to this statement, and it is nowhere recorded that Zobeideh ever visited Azerbaijan, and the name Tabriz was known many centuries before her time. In 1842 Hammer-Purgstall correctly explained the name as meaning the "warm-flowing" (tab= warm, same root as tep in "tepid") from some warm mineral springs in the neighbourhood, and compared it with the synonymous Teplitz in Bohemia. In old Armenian histories the name is Tavresh, which means the same. The popular pronunciation to and tau for tab has given rise to the spellings Toris and Tauris met with in older travellers and used even now. The name of the town's origin is believed to date back to distant antiquity, perhaps even before the Sassanian era (224 - 651 A.D.). The oldest stone tablet with a reference to Tabriz is that of Sargon the second, the Assyrian King. The tablet refers to a place called Tauri Castle and Tarmkis. The historians believe this castle was situated on the site of the present day Tabriz. It was the capital of Azarbaijan in the 3rd century A.D. and again under the Mongol Ilkhanid dynasty (1256 - 1353)
During mid-third century it is believed by some to have been called "Ta-e-Vrezh", which meant "This is revenge". Some say[attribution needed] it was given that name by King Chrosroes I of the Armenians, who sacked the town near the middle of the third century.[2]
Brief History
Historically, much of the city's importance has resulted from its strategic position for trade to the north (now the Commonwealth of Independent States) and to the west (now Turkey). It was sacked by the Oghuz Turks in 1029, but by 1054 Tabriz had recovered and was a provincial capital.
In 1295, Ghazan Khan, the Mongol ruler of Persia, made it the chief administrative center of an empire stretching from Egypt to the Oxus River and from the Caucasus to the Indian Ocean. Under his rule new walls were built around the city, and numerous public buildings, educational facilities, and caravansaries were erected. The Byzantine Gregory Choniades is said to have served as the city's Orthodox bishop during this time.
Tabriz was captured by Timur in the late 14th century. Later Shah Ismail made it the capital of his empire from 1501 until his defeat in 1514 by the Ottoman Turks. The Ottomans occupied Tabriz on a number of occasions thereafter, including the period from 1585 to 1603. Nevertheless, by the 17th century it was a major commercial center, carrying on trade with Turkey, Russia, central Asia, and India. Later, the city was again occupied (1724) by the Ottomans, and it was held by Russia in 1828. Tabriz played an important part in the Persian constitutional movement at the beginning of the 20th century. After World War II, the Soviets set up the communist Azarbaijan People's Government in North Western Iran with its capital at Tabriz. The new communist government, under the leadership of Jafar Pishevari, held power for a year from 1946, then was retaken by Iran (on 1947) after the forced Soviet withdrawal. The city has often been devastated by earthquakes (e.g., in 858, 1041, and 1721).
Constitutionalists of Tabriz The two men in the center are Sattar Khan & Bagher Khan
Historical Timeline
Tabriz has been settled since ancient times.
4th century BCE: It is the capital of Atropatene, named after Iranian governor of the province (appointed by Alexander the Great).
3rd century: It becomes the capital of Armenia.
791: Tabriz is rebuilt after being destroyed by an earthquake.
858: An earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz.
1041: An earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz.
1296: The Mongol Il-Khan Mahmud Ghazan makes Tabriz his capital.
1548: Tabriz is replaced by Qazvin as the capital of the Safavid kingdom. Tabriz was considered to exposed to a potential Ottoman invasion.
1721: An earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz.
1780: Another earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz.
1826: Tabriz is occupied by the Russians.
1828: Iranian troops take back Tabriz.
1850: The Báb, Founder of the Bábí Faith and Forerunner of Bahá'u'lláh is executed in Tabriz.
1908: Tabriz becomes the centre of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution.
1927: An earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz.
1941: Tabriz occupied by the Soviets.
1945: December: Becomes the capital of the short lived, Soviet backed, Azerbaijan People's Government.
1946: Tabriz University is opened.
1947: Iranian troops take back Tabriz.
Excavation Sites
In 2002, during a construction project behind the Blue Mosque (Part of Silk Road Project), historical graves buried in a special way have been found. The construction company had hidden the finding for several months. Finally, the site was revealed by one of the workers who was involved at the construction site. Analyses has shown that the background of the graves to be more than 2000 years old.
Damaged Historical Sites
There are nomerious historical sites inside Tabriz that were damaged by natural disasters or by human hand. Some of the most famous samples sites are listed below:
There were some hills that have constructed with the ashes produced by Zardostans before Islam. They have remained up to just few years before revolution on 1979. They have destroyed before revolution during an agricaltural development project.
Large parts of Tabriz Ark Castel, whole of Tabriz National Library Building and whole of Tabriz City Theater Hall, has been damaged for making new Friday Mosque (1981).
Shanb Ghazan Building (Palace of Mongol Kings), Damaged by Tabriz Municipality before revolution (1979).
Tabriz City Gates, 3 of 4 main entrance gates damaged by Tabriz Municipality before revolution (1979), Currently one of them exist behind Ghari Bridge.
Shahgoli Palace building has been reconstructed completely by City Municipality.
Blue Mosque Building has been damaged completely by earthquake (currently, it has been reconstructed as its first shape) on 1780.
Bagh-e Shomal Palace has been damaged completely by City Municipality.
The City of Firsts
Because of Tabriz location (as Gate of West for Iran), many signs of modern life in Iran had been appeared for the first time in this city. Based on this phenomenon many of Tabrizis believe that Tabriz is the city of first modern life in Iran. There is also a book published in this matter by Samad Sardarnia including the first innovations that takes place for first time inside Tabriz. Lists of most important of them are listed in Tabriz City of Firsts.