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The Titans
The Titans, also known as the elder gods, ruled the earth before the Olympians overthew them. The ruler of the Titans was Cronus who was de-throned by his son Zeus. Most of the Titans fought with Cronus against Zeus and were punished by being banished to Tartarus. During their rule the Titans were associated with the various planets.
Gaea
Goddess of the Earth.
Gaea is the Earth goddess. She mated with her son Uranus to produce the remaining Titans. Gaea seems to have started as a neolithic earth-mother worshipped before the Indo-European invasion that eventually lead to the Hellinistic civilization.
Uranus
God of the heavens
Uranus is the sky god and first ruler. He is the son of Gaea, who created him without help. He then became the husband of Gaea and together they had many offspring, including twelve of the Titans.
His rule ended when when Cronus, encouraged
Cronus
God of TimeCronus was the ruling Titan who came to power by castrating his Father Uranus. His wife was Rhea. There offspring were the first of the Olympians. To insure his safety Cronus ate each of the children as they were born. This worked until Rhea, unhappy at the loss of her children, tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, instead of Zeus. When he grew up Zeus would revolt against Cronus and the other Titans, defeat them, and banish them to Tartarus in the underworld.
Cronus managed to escape to Italy, where he ruled as Saturn. The period of his rule was said to be a golden age on earth, honored by the Saturnalia feast.
Rhea
Rhea was the wife of Cronus. Cronus made it a practice to swallow their children. To avoid this, Rhea tricked Cronus into swallowing a rock, saving her son Zeus.
Oceanus
Oceanus is the unending stream of water encircling the world. Together with his wife Tethys produced the rivers and the three thousand ocean nymphs.
Tethys
Tethys is the wife of Oceanus. Together they produced the rivers and the three thousand ocean nymphs.
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Hyperion
Hyperion is the Titan of light, the father of the sun, the moon, and the dawn.
Mnemosyne
Mnemosyne was the Titan of memory and the mother of Muses and daughter of Hyperion.
Themis
Themis was the Titan of justice and order. She was the mother of the Fates and the Seasons and daughter of Mnemosyne.
Iapetus
Iapetus was the father of Prometheus, Epimetheus, and Atlas and son of Themis
Coeus
Titan of Intelligence. Father of Leto.
Crius
No details available.
Phoebe
Titan of the Moon. Mother of Leto.
Thea
No details available.
Prometheus
Prometheus was the wisest Titan. His name means "forethought" and he was able to foretell the future. He was the son of Iapetus. When Zeus revolted against Cronus Prometheus deserted the other Titans and fought on Zeus side.
By some accounts he and his brother Epimetheus were delagated by Zeus to create man. In all accounts, Prometheus is known as the protector and benifactor of man. He gave mankind a number of gifts including fire. He also tricked Zeus into allowing man to keep the best part of the animals scarificed to the gods and to give the gods the worst parts.
For this Zeus punished Prometheus by having him chained to a rock with an eagle tearing at his liver. He was to be left there for all eternity or until he agreed to disclose to Zeus which of Zeus children would try to replace him. He was eventually rescued by Hercules without giving in to Zeus.
Epimetheus
Epimetheus was a stupid Titan, whose name means "afterthought". He was the son of Iapetus. In some accounts he is delegated, along with his brother Prometheus by Zeus to create mankind. He also accepted the gift of Pandora from Zeus, which lead to the introduction of evil into the world.
Atlas
Atlas was the son of Iapetus. Unlike his brothers Prometheus and Epimetheus, Atlas fought with the other Titans supporting Cronus against Zeus. Due to Cronus's advance age Atlas lead the Titan's in battle. As a result he was singled out by Zeus for a special punishment and made to hold up the world on his back.
Metis
Metis was the Titaness of the forth day and the planet Mercury. She presided over all wisdom and knowledge. She was seduced by Zeus and became pregnant with Athena. Zeus became concerned over prophecies that her second child would replace Zeus. To avoid this Zeus ate her. It is said that she is the source for Zeus wisdom and that she still advises Zeus from his belly.
It may seem odd for Metis to have been pregnant with Athena but, never mentioned as her mother. This is because the classic greeks believed that children were generated soley from the fathers sperm. The women was thought to be nothing more then a vessal for the fetus to grow in. Since Metis was killed well before Athena's birth her role doesn't count.
The Olympians are a group of 12 gods who ruled after the overthow of the Titans. All the Olympians are related in some way. They are named after their dwelling place Mount Olympus.
lord of the sky, the rain god
Zeus overthew his Father Cronus. He then drew lots with his brothers Poseidon and Hades. Zeus won the draw and became the supreme ruler of the gods. He is lord of the sky, the rain god. His weapon is a thunderbolt which he hurls at those who displease him. He is married to Hera but, is famous for his many affairs. He is also known to punish those that lie or break oaths.
The God of the sea
Poseidon is the brother of Zeus. After the overthow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Hades, another brother, for shares of the world. His prize was to become lord of the sea. He was widely worshiped by seamen. He married Amphitrite, a granddaughter of the Titon Oceanus.
At one point he desired Demeter. To put him off Demeter asked him to make the most beautiful animal that the world had ever seen. So to impress her Poseidon created the first horse. In some accounts his first attempts were unsucessful and created a varity of other animals in his quest. By the time the horse was created his passion for Demeter had cooled.
His weapon is a trident, which can shake the earth, and shatter any object. He is second only to Zeus in power amongst the gods. He has a difficult quarrelsome personality. He was greedy. He had a series of disputes with other gods when he tried to take over their cities.
The Goddess of the Hearth
Hestia is Zeus sister. She is a virgin goddess. She does not have a distinct personality. She plays no part in myths. She is the Goddess of the Hearth, the symbol of the house around which a new born child is carried before it is received into the family. Each city had a public hearth sacred to Hestia, where the fire was never allowed to go out.
Hera
Hera is Zeus wife and sister. She was raised by the Titans Ocean and Tethys. She is the protector of marrage and takes special care of married women.
Hera's marriage was founded in strife with Zeus and continued in strife. Zeus courted her unsuccesfully. He then turned to trickery, changing himself into disheveled cuckoo. Hera feeling sorry for the bird held it to her breast to warm it. Zues then resumed his normal form and taking advantage of the suprise he gained, raped her. She then married him to cover her shame.
Once when Zeus was being partcularly overbearing to the other gods, Hera convinced them to join in a revolt. Her part in the revolt was to drug Zeus, and in this she was successful. The gods then bound the sleeping Zeus to a couch taking care to tie many knots. This done they began to quarrel over the next step. Briareus overheard the arguements. Still full of gratitude to Zeus, Briareus slipped in and was able to quickly untie the many knots. Zeus sprang from the couch and grapped up his thuderbolt. The gods fell to their knees begging and pleading for mercy. He seized Hera and hung her from the sky with gold chains. She wept in pain all night but, none of the others dared to interfere. Her weeping kept Zeus up and the next morning he agreed to release her if she would swear never to rebel again. She had little choice but, to agree. While she never again rebeled, she often intrigued against Zeus's plans and she was often able to outwit him.
Most stories concerning Hera have to do with her jealous revenge for Zeus's infidelities. Her sacred animals are the cow and the peacock. Her favorite city is Argos.
thank you asalbanoo
the correct name of Gaea is GAIA
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she was the youngest goddess among greek gods and she had no enemy on her way but galleon the god of darkness who was in fight with all good aligned gods
he destroyed many cities and nations but finally he have been defeated by Arkantos the hero of egypt , his son Kastor , the hero of atlantis and his best friend ajax , the best greek warrior wich is said only to be excelled by Achilles
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lord of the underworld
Hades is the brother of Zeus. After the overthow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Poseidon, another brother, for shares of the world. He had the worst draw and was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He is a greedy god who is greatly concerned with increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead are seen favorably. The Erinnyes are welcomed guests. He is exceedingly disinclined to allow any of his subjects leave.
He is also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He has a helmet that makes him invisable. He rarely leaves the underworld. He is unpitying and terrible, but not capricious. His wife is Persephone whom Hades abducted. He is the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos.
Ares
The god of war
Ares is the son of Zeus and Hera. He was disliked by both parents. He is the god of war. He is considered murderous and bloodstained but, also a coward. When caught in an act of adultery with Aphrodite her husband Hephaestus is able publically ridicule him. His bird is the vulture. His animal is the dog
Athena
The goddess of the city
Athena is the daughter of Zeus. She sprang full grown in armour from his forehead, thus has no mother. She is fierce and brave in battle but, only wars to defined the state and home from outside enemies. She is the goddess of the city, handicrafts, and agriculture. She invented the bridle, which permitted man to tame horses, the trumpet, the flute, the pot, the rake, the plow, the yoke, the ship, and the chariot. She is the embodiment of wisdom, reason, and purity. She was Zeus's favorite child and was allowed to use his weapons including his thunderbolt. Her favorite city is Athens. Her tree is the olive. The owl is her bird. She is a virgin goddess
Apollo
The god of music
Apollo is the son of Zeus and Leto. His twin sister is Artemis. He is the god of music, playing a golden lyre. The Archer, far shooting with a silver bow. The god of healing who taught man medicine. The god of light. The god of truth, who can not speak a lie.
One of Apollo's more importaint daily tasks is to harness his chariot with four horses an drive the Sun across the sky.
He is famous for his oracle at Delphi. People travled to it from all over the greek world to devine the future.
His tree was the laurel. The crow his bird. The dolphin his animal
Aphrodite
The goddess of love
Aphrodite is the goddess of love, desire and beauty. In addition to her natural gifts she has a magical girdle that compels anyone she wishes to desire her. There are two accounts of her birth.
One says she is the daughter of Zeus and Dione.
The other goes back to when Cronus castrated Uranus and tossed his severed genitles into the sea. Aphrodite then arose from the sea foam on a giant scallop and walked to shore in Cyprus.
She is the wife of Hephaestus. The myrtle is her tree. The dove, the swann, and the sparrow her birds.
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lord of the underworld
Hades is the brother of Zeus. After the overthow of their Father Cronus he drew lots with Zeus and Poseidon, another brother, for shares of the world. He had the worst draw and was made lord of the underworld, ruling over the dead. He is a greedy god who is greatly concerned with increasing his subjects. Those whose calling increase the number of dead are seen favorably. The Erinnyes are welcomed guests. He is exceedingly disinclined to allow any of his subjects leave.
He is also the god of wealth, due to the precious metals mined from the earth. He has a helmet that makes him invisable. He rarely leaves the underworld. He is unpitying and terrible, but not capricious. His wife is Persephone whom Hades abducted. He is the King of the dead but, death itself is another god, Thanatos
Epithets and other names
Aides
Aiidoneus
Chthonian Zeus
Haides
Pluton
Plouton
The Rich One
The Unseen One
Roman Mythology
Pluto
Dis
Dis Pater
Plutos
thank alot dear Knight
for your attention
Hermes
The god of thieves and god of commerce
Hermes is the son of Zeus and Maia. He is Zeus messenger. He is the fastest of the gods. He wears winged sandals, a winged hat, and carries a magic wand. He is the god of thieves and god of commerce. He is the guide for the dead to go to the underworld. He invented the lyre, the pipes, the musical scale, astronomy , weights and measures, boxing, gymnastics, and the care of olive trees.
Artemis
The Goddess of the wild things
Artemis is the daughter of Zeus and Leto. Her twin brother is Apollo. She is the lady of the wild things. She is the huntsman of the gods. She is the protector of the young. Like Apollo she hunts with silver arrows. She became associated with the moon. She is a virgin goddess, and the goddess of chastity. She also presides over childbirth, which may seem odd for a virgin, but goes back to causing Leto no pain when she was born. She became associated with Hecate. The cypress is her tree. All wild animals are scared to her, especially the deer.
Hephaestus
Hephaestus is the son of Zeus and Hera. Sometimes it is said that Hera alone produced him and that he has no father. He is the only god to be physically ugly. He is also lame. Accounts as to how he became lame vary. Some say that Hera, upset by having an ugly child, flung him from Mount Olympus into the sea, breaking his legs. Others that he took Hera's side in an arguement with Zeus and Zeus flung him off Mount Olympus. He is the god of fire and the forge. He is the smith and armorer of the gods. He uses a volcano as his forge. He is the patron god of both smiths and weavers. He is kind and peace loving. His wife is Aphrodite. Sometimes his wife is identified as Aglaia.
can you give some statements about Hercules , son of jupiter?
i have heard he is son of zeus ! is it right or he is son of jupiter
Alcides was the first name of Heracles 1 until a Pythian priestess first called him Heracles 1. This priestess told him to serve Eurystheus for twelve years, and to perform the LABOURS imposed on him; and when the tasks were accomplished, he would become immortal. Amphitryon was married with Alcmena, and during his absence Zeus took his form and lay with her. Before Amphitryon returned home from war, Zeus came, and prolonging the one night threefold, he assumed the likeness of Amphitryon and made love to Alcmena. But when Amphitryon arrived and she told him that he had come the night before and slept with her, Amphitryon went to Tiresias, and the seer told him how Zeus had enjoyed her.
LABOURS in red
Summary of Heracles 1's exploits
1. Eight months old kills the Serpents When Heracles 1 was about to be born, Zeus declared that a descendant of Perseus 1, then about to be born, would be king of Mycenae. But Hera, out of jealousy, persuaded Ilithyia, goddess of childbirth, to retard Alcmena's delivery, and contrived that Eurystheus, also a descendant of Perseus 1, should be born a seven-month child. This is how Heracles 1 lost the throne of Mycenae.
When Heracles 1 was eight months old, Hera, desiring his death, sent two serpents to his bed. But he strangled the beasts with his hands. And when he was eighteen years old, he slew the Lion of Cithaeron, which harried the kine of Amphitryon and Thespius.
2. Education
Heracles 1 was taught to drive the chariot by Amphitryon, to wrestle by Autolycus 1, the art of archery by Eurytus 4, to fence by Castor 1, and to play the lyre by Linus 4.
3. Presents He received a sword from Hermes, bow and arrows from Apollo, a golden breastplate from Hephaestus, and a robe from Athena.
4. Death of Linus 4 For being struck by Linus 4, Heracles 1 flew into a rage and slew him with a blow of the lyre.
5. Daughters of Thespius King Thespius of Thespiae in Boeotia entertained Heracles 1 for fifty days, and each night bedded one of his daughters with him. The children of Heracles 1 by the daughters of Thespius were called Thespiades. Two of them remained in Thebes, and seven in Thespiae. All the other Thespiades joined Iolaus 1 in the founding of a colony in Sardinia.
6. Death of Erginus 1 King Erginus 1 of the Minyans imposed a tribute to the Thebans after his father was killed by Perieres 2, a Theban. But it happened that Heracles 1 met the king's heralds on their way to Thebes to demand this tribute, and he cut off their ears, noses, and hands, and send them back to Erginus 2. Indignant at this outrage, Erginus 2 marched against Thebes. But Heracles 1, having received weapons from Athena and taken the command, killed Erginus 2, defeated the Minyans, and forced them to pay double the tribute to Thebes. In this war Amphitryon was killed.
7. Marriage As a prize for his courage, Heracles 1 received in marriage Megara, daughter of Creon 2, and they had several children: Therimachus, Deicoon 1, Creontiades, and Ophites 1 (but some affirm that their children were eight in number).
About this time, Lycus 6, son of Poseidon and descendant of Lycus 5 from Dirphys in Euboea, killed Creon 2, and seized power in Thebes. It is told that he planned to murder Megara too, but was in time detected by Heracles 1 who killed him.
8. Domestic violence Hera, still persecuting Heracles 1, drove him mad, and as a result he killed his wife Megara and his children by her, flinging them into the fire. But some assert that only his children were killed, and that Megara later married another man (see below). And others say that Heracles 1 was about to kill Amphitryon too, when Athena threw a stone at him, and rendered him unconscious.
9. Delphi
When he recovered his reason, he decided to go into exile, and arriving at Delphi, the Pythian priestess told him to dwell in Tiryns, serving Eurystheus for twelve years and to perform ten LABOURS (which became twelve).
10. Nemean Lion (1st Labour) His first Labour was to destroy the Nemean Lion. Heracles 1 shot an arrow at him, but when he perceived that the animal was invulnerable, he broke its neck with his bare hands.
11. Hydra (2nd Labour) As a second labour he was ordered by Eurystheus to kill the Lernaean Hydra, offspring of Typhon and Echidna, a monster with nine heads, one of them being immortal. He chopped all heads, and the immortal one he buried, putting a heavy rock on it.
12. Cerynitian Hind (3rd Labour) As a third labour he was ordered to bring the Cerynitian Hind alive to Mycenae. This hind had golden horns, and was sacred to Artemis. Therefore Heracles 1 did not wish to wound it, but at the end he shot it just as it was about to cross a river. He caught it and hastened through Arcadia towards Mycenae. But Artemis and Apollo met him, and rebuked him for attempting to kill her sacred hind. But Heracles 1 put the blame on Eurystheus, pleaded necessity, and so he appeased Artemis' anger, carrying the hind alive to Mycenae.
13. Erymanthian Boar (4th Labour) As a fourth labour he was ordered to bring alive the Erymanthian Boar, which ravaged Psophis.
14. Death of Chiron
While Heracles 1 was hunting the Erymanthian Boar, he was received by Pholus 1 the Centaur. On this occasion, a jar of wine belonging to the CENTAURS in common was opened, and when the CENTAURS learned that their jar had been taken, a fight broke up, in the course of which Heracles 1 repelled them. The defeated CENTAURS took then refuge with the wise Centaur Chiron, and Heracles 1 shot Chiron involuntarily with his poisoned arrows. The wound proving incurable, Chiron renounced immortality in favour of Prometheus 1.
15. Augeas' Stables (5th Labour) The fifth labour was to carry out the dung of the cattle of King Augeas of Elis in a single day. Heracles 1 went to Augeas, and without revealing the command of Eurystheus, said that he would carry out the dung in one day, if Augeas would give him the tenth part of the cattle. Augeas was incredulous, but promised to do so. Having taken Augeas' son Phyleus 1 to witness, Heracles 1 made a breach in the foundations of the cattle-yard, and diverting the courses of two rivers, he turned them into the yard. However, when Augeas learned that the task had been accomplished at the command of Eurystheus, he refused to pay the reward. Arbitrators were then called, and since Phyleus 1 bore witness against his father, Augeas ordered both his son and Heracles 1 to leave Elis.
16. Death of the Centaur Eurytion 3 Mnesimache's father, Dexamenus 1, betrothed her by force to Eurytion 3, but when he came to fetch his bride, she called for Heracles 1's help, and he slew the Centaur.
17. The Stymphalian Birds (6th Labour) The sixth Labour was to chase the man-eating birds who used their feathers as arrows. Their place of abode was the Stymphalian Lake in Arcadia. To help him in this task, Athena gave Heracles 1 brazen castanets, which she had received from Hephaestus. By clashing these on a certain mountain that overhung the lake, he scared the birds, which could not abide the sound, but fluttered up in a fright. In that way Heracles 1 shot them down. Some of these birds were also found by the ARGONAUTS in other places.
18. The Cretan Bull (7th Labour) The seventh Labour consisted in bringing the Cretan Bull. Some say that this is the bull that ferried Europa to Crete, but others affirm that it was the same bull that Poseidon sent up from the sea to Minos 2 [see Minotaur]. Heracles 1 came to Crete and requested aid, but Minos 2 replied that he should fight the beast himself. Nevertheless, Heracles 1 caught it and brought it to Eurystheus, who having seen the bull let it go free.
19. MARES OF DIOMEDES 1 (8th Labour)
The eighth Labour consisted in bringing the man-eating mares that Diomedes 1, king of the Bistonians in Thrace, owned. Heracles 1 sailed with some volunteers to Thrace, and having overpowered the grooms, he drove the mares to the sea, committing them to the guardianship of Abderus. However, the beasts killed Abderus by dragging him after them. But Heracles 1 slew Diomedes 1 and defeated his army, or as others say, he let the mares devour their master. He also founded a city Abdera beside the grave of his friend Abderus. When Heracles 1 returned from Thrace, he gave the mares to Eurystheus. But Eurystheus again let them go free, and they were destroyed by the wild beasts in Mount Olympus.
20. The Belt of Hippolyte 2 (9th Labour) The ninth Labour was to fetch the Belt of Hippolyte 2, queen of the AMAZONS. She had the belt of Ares for being the best among the AMAZONS. Heracles 1 was sent to fetch it because Admete 2, daughter of Eurystheus, desired to get it. When he arrived to the land of the AMAZONS, a fight broke out, and Heracles 1 killed Hippolyte 2, stripping her of her belt. And having defeated the rest, he sailed away to Troy. After several adventures (see below), he came to Mycenae and gave the Belt to Eurystheus.
21. Death of the sons of Minos 2
When Heracles 1 sailed in order to fetch the Belt of Hippolyte 2, he came to the island of Paros, where the sons of Minos 2 lived. But on landing on the island, some of Heracles 1's men were killed. Indignant at this, Heracles 1 killed the sons of Minos 2, and besieged the rest. And when he left, he took the sons of Androgeus as hostages.
22. Defeats the Bebrycians In his way to the AMAZONS, he came to Mysia, to the court of King Lycus 3 of the Mariandynians. Heracles 1 was entertained by him; and in a battle between him and the king of the Bebrycians, Heracles 1 sided with Lycus 3 and slew many of the latter's enemies, among others King Mygdon, brother of Amycus 1. And he took much land from the Bebrycians and gave it to Lycus 3, who called it all Heraclea.
23. Rescues Hesione 2 and gives her as a prize Apollo and Poseidon, desiring to put King Laomedon 1 of Troy to the test, assumed the likeness of men, and undertook to fortify Troy for wages. But when they had fortified it, the king would not pay their wages. Therefore, Apollo sent a pestilence, and Poseidon sent sea-monster that snatched away the people of the plain. But as oracles foretold deliverance from these calamities if Laomedon 1 would expose Hesione 2 to be devoured by the sea-monster, he exposed her by fastening her to the rocks near the sea. Seeing her exposed, Heracles 1 promised to save her on condition of receiving from Laomedon 1 the mares which Zeus had given in compensation for the rape of Ganymedes. On Laomedon 1's saying that he would give them, Heracles 1 killed the monster and saved Hesione 2. But when Laomedon 1 would not give the stipulated reward, Heracles 1 made war on Troy, and having killed Laomedon 1, he assigned the girl as a prize to Telamon.
24. Death of Sarpedon 2 In Aenus he was entertained by Poltys. And as he was sailing away, he shot Sarpedon 2, son of Poseidon and brother of Poltys.
25. Conquers Thasos After Aenus he came to Thasos, and having subjugated the Thracians who inhabited the island, he gave it to the sons of Androgeus to dwell in (see 21).
26. Kills the sons of Proteus 2
In Torone he was challenged to wrestle by Polygonus and Telegonus 2 and he killed both in the wrestling match.
27. The Cattle of Geryon (10th Labour) As the tenth labour he was ordered to fetch the Cattle of Geryon. Geryon lived in the island of Erythia, and had the body of three men grown together and joined in one at the waist, but parted in three from the flanks and thighs. The cattle was guarded by Orthus, a two-headed hound. When the dog and Geryon's herdsman Eurytion 4 saw Heracles 1 coming, they attacked him, but Heracles 1 killed them both. Hoerver, Menoetes, who was there pasturing the cattle of Hades, reported to Geryon the presence of Heracles 1, and Geryon attacked him; yet Heracles 1 killed him too, and took his cattle away. After several adventures (see below), he gave the cattle to Eurystheus.
28. Killing of wild beasts While he travelled through Europe to fetch the Cattle of Geryon he killed many wild beasts.
29. The Pillars Coming to Tartessus (a Phoenician city near Gades [Cádiz] in Spain), he erected two pillars at the boundaries of Europe and Libya [Africa].
30. Gift of Helius
It is told that Helius gave him a golden goblet so that he could cross the Ocean. Shortly after having sailed in the goblet, Heracles 1 gave it back to Helius.
31. Bandits In Liguria, Ialebion and Dercynus, sons of Poseidon, attempted to rob him of the Cattle of Geryon, but he killed them both.
32. Eryx 1 In Italy, King Eryx 1 challenged Heracles 1 to wrestle for the sake of a bull (which he had taken from the Cattle of Geryon, and mingled with his own herds). Heracles 1 killed him in the wrestling, took the bull, and drove the herd to the Ionian Sea.
33. Hera's gadfly
Finally, he had difficulties to collect the cattle, which had been dispersed by a gadfly sent by Hera.
34. Apples of the HESPERIDES (11th Labour) Eurystheus ordered Heracles 1, as the eleventh Labour (because he did not acknowledge Augeas' Stables nor the Hydra), to fetch the Golden Apples of the HESPERIDES. These apples were not, as some have said, in Libya, but among the Hyperboreans. They were presented by Gaia to Zeus after his marriage with Hera, and guarded by an immortal dragon with a hundred heads. Some say that Heracles 1 sent Atlas to fetch the apples, first relieving him of his burden, but others say that he killed the dragon, and took the apples himself.
34. Cycnus 2 When Heracles 1 was in his way to fetch the apples, Cycnus 2, son of Ares, challenged him to single combat near the river Echedorus in Macedonia, but a thunderbolt was hurled between the two, and parted them.
35. Meets Nereus Heracles 1 seized Nereus while he slept, and though he changed into all kinds of shapes, Heracles 1 hold him and did not release him until Nereus told the whereabouts of the apples and the HESPERIDES.
36. Antaeus 1
Next he came to Libya, where the ruler was Antaeus 1, who used to kill strangers by forcing them to wrestle. Antaeus 1 was son of Gaia, according to some, or son of Poseidon, according to others. He became stronger when he touched the earth, because he derived his strength from it, but Heracles 1 killed him while holding him in the air. And when he had vanquished Antaeus 1, he subdued Libya, which at the time was full with wild animals. He also brought large parts of the desert under cultivation so that it was filled with ploughed fields, and vineyards, and olive orchards. In this way Libya came to know prosperity. Likewise, Heracles 1 punished those who defied the law as well as arrogant rulers, giving prosperity to the cities.
37. Busiris 2 And next he came to Egypt, whose ruler Busiris 2 used to sacrifice strangers. Him Heracles 1 sacrificed, or slew with his club.
38. Prometheus 1 unbound
Then he went to Ethiopia where he killed King Emathion, son of Eos; and after that he delivered Prometheus 1. Prometheus 1 moulded men out of water and earth, and gave them fire, having stolen it from the gods. But when Zeus learned of it, he ordered Hephaestus to nail his body to a rock in Mount Caucasus. Prometheus 1 was nailed on the rock and kept bound for many years. Every day an eagle came to him and devoured his liver, which grew by night. In that way was Prometheus 1 punished for the theft of fire. But Heracles 1 came to Mount Caucasus, killed the eagle, and released him.
39. The Hound of Hades (12th Labour)
The twelfth Labour that Eurystheus imposed on Heracles 1 was to bring Cerberus 1 from Hades [see Underworld for a description of this peculiar dog]. Before performing this Labour, Heracles 1 went to Eleusis to be initiated, and later he descended to Hades in Taenarum in Laconia. In Hades, he saw Theseus, who was not supposed to be there yet, and he rescued him. When Heracles 1 asked Hades for Cerberus 1, the god told him to take it provided he mastered him without any weapons. Heracles 1 flung his arms round Cerberus 1's head (one of them!), and though the dragon in the dog's tail bit him, he did not released the beast. Having ascended in Troezen, he showed Cerberus 1 to Eurystheus, and carried the dog back to Hades.
[See also Heracles 1 in Hades]
Prometheus was a son of Iapetus by Clymene (one of the Oceanids). He was a brother of Atlas, Menoetius, and Epimetheus, but he surpassed all in cunning and deceit. He held no awe for the gods, and he ridiculed Zeus, though he fought alongside the gods against the other Titans. Prometheus, in some myths, is credited with the creation of man; in others, this role is assigned to Zeus.[citation needed] When he and his brother Epimetheus set out to make creatures to populate the earth under the orders of Cronos, Prometheus carefully crafted a creature after the shape of the gods: a man. According to the myths, a horrendous headache overcame Zeus and no healer of the realm was able to help the Lord of the Gods. Prometheus came to him and declared that he knew how to heal Zeus, taking a rock from the ground Prometheus proceeded to hit Zeus in the head with it. From out of Zeus' head popped the Goddess Athena, with her emergence Zeus' headache disappeared. Some myths attribute Hephestus to the splitting of the head rather than Prometheus.
Prometheus and Epimetheus journeyed to Earth from Olympus, they ventured to the Greek province of Boitia and made clay figures. Athena took the figures and breathed life into them, the figures that Prometheus had created became Man and honored him. The figures that his brother Epimetheus had created became the beasts, which turned and attacked him.
Zeus was angered by the brothers' actions, he forbade the pair from teaching Man the ways of civilization, Athena chose to cross Zeus and taught Prometheus so that he might teach Man.
For their actions, Zeus demanded a sacrifice from Man to the Gods to show that they were obedient and worshipful. The gods and mortal man had arranged a meeting at Mecone where the matter of division of sacrifice was to be settled. Prometheus slew a large ox, and divided it into two piles. In one pile he put all the meat and most of the fat, skillfully covering it with the ox's grotesque stomach, while in the other pile, he dressed up the bones artfully with shining fat. Prometheus then invited Zeus to choose. Zeus, seeing through the trick, realised that in purposefully getting tricked he would have an excuse to vent his anger on mortal man, and thus chose the pile of bones (many sources say that Zeus did not, in fact, see through this trick). This also gives a mythological explanation of the practice of sacrificing only the bones to the gods, while man gets to keep the meat and fat.
Zeus in his wrath denied men the secret of fire. Prometheus felt sorry for his creations, and watched as they shivered in the cold and winter's nights. He decided to give his most loved creation a great gift that was a "good servant and bad master". He took fire from the hearth of the gods by stealth and brought it to men in a hollow wand of fennel, or ferule that served him instead of a staff. Thus mankind was warm. To punish Prometheus for this hubris (and all of mankind in the process), Zeus devised "such evil for them that they shall desire death rather than life, and Prometheus shall see their misery and be powerless to succor them. That shall be his keenest pang among the torments I will heap upon him." Zeus could not just take fire back, because a god or goddess could not take away what the other had given.
Zeus was enraged because the giving of fire began an era of enlightenment for Man, and had Prometheus carried to Mount Caucasus, where an eagle by the name of Ethon (offspring of the monsters Typhon and Echidna) would pick at his liver; it would grow back each day and the eagle would eat it again. In some stories, Zeus has Prometheus tortured on the mountain because he knows the name of the person who, according to prophecy, will overthrow the king of the gods. This punishment was to last 30,000 years. About 12 generations later, Heracles (known as Hercules in Roman mythology), passing by on his way to find the apples of the Hesperides as part of the Twelve Labours, freed Prometheus, in a bargain he had agreed with Zeus in exchange for Chiron's immortality, by shooting the eagle with an arrow. Zeus did not mind this time that Prometheus had again evaded his punishment, as the act brought more glory to Heracles, who was Zeus's son. Prometheus was invited to return to Olympus, though he still had to carry with him the rock to which he was chained.
To punish man for the offenses of Prometheus, Zeus told Hephaestus (Vulcan) to "mingle together all things loveliest, sweetest, and best, but look that you also mingle therewith the opposites of each." So Hephaestus took gold and dross, wax and flint, pure snow and mud of the highways, honey and gall; he took the bloom of the rose and the toad's venom, the voice of laughing water and the peacocks squall; he took the seas beauty and its treachery, the dog's fidelity and the wind's inconstancy, and the mother bird's heart of love and the cruelty of the tiger. All these, and other contraries past number, he blended cunningly into one substance and this he molded into the shape that Zeus had described to him. She was as beautiful as a goddess and Zeus named her Pandora which meant "all gifted".
Zeus breathed upon her image, and it lived. Zeus sent her to wed Prometheus' brother, Epimetheus, and although Prometheus had warned his brother never to accept gifts from the Olympians, Epimetheus ("hind-thought", as opposed to "fore-thought") was love-stricken, and he and Pandora wed. The Gods adorned the couple with many wedding gifts, and Zeus presented them with a beautifully wrought box. When Pandora opened the box, all suffering and despair was unleashed upon mankind. Zeus had had his revenge.
As the introducer of fire and inventor of crafts, Prometheus was seen as the patron of human civilization. Uncertain sources claim he was worshipped in ancient Rome as well along with other gods.
He was the father of Deucalion with Pronoia who is often confused as Clymene because the both of them are often called by the same other name, Asia.
Penelope was the daughter of Icarius and a first cousin of Helen of Troy. She was the wife of Odysseus and was famous for her cleverness and for her faithfulness to her husband.
When Odysseus failed to return from the Trojan War (he was delayed for ten years on his way home), Penelope was beset by suitors who wanted her to remarry. In order to delay them, she insisted that she could not remarry until she had finished weaving a shroud for Odysseus' father, Laertes. She worked each day at her loom, and then unravelled the cloth each night. After three years of successful delay, one of her servants revealed her deception, and the impatient suitors angrily demanded that she choose one of them for her husband immediately. At the prompting of Athene, Penelope said that she would marry the man who could string Odysseus' bow and shoot an arrow through twelve axes. By this time, Odysseus himself had secretly returned, disguised as a beggar; he passed the test of the bow, and then proceeded to slaughter the suitors who had tormented his wife.
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(بی معنی:blink: ) because they are very intrest for me it is very beatifull that every work has a special god but this is very
but thank you again
Can you send tree of their life?
Apollo, the young sun god, was more glorious than tongue can describe or than mortal eye can behold. As he drove his golden chariot through the sky he dazzled the whole earth with his splendor. Small wonder, then, that the nymph, Clytie, fell in love with him, Apollo cared nothing for Clytie and would take no notice of her, so that at last her great longing for him drove her almost to madness. She refused to play with her sister nymphs any more, ate nothing, and drank only dew. All night she stood gazing at the heavens, waiting for her lord to appear. All day she followed him with her eyes as he moved slowly from East to West. At last the gods took pity on her, and since she could not die, they changed her into the tall, thin sunflower, which turns its face towards the sun all day as he moves across the sky.Though Apollo was unkind to Clytie, he too could fall in love. One day in the woods he caught sight of the nymph, Daphne, daughter of a river god, Daphne was fair and white, as river nymphs are, and had rippling dark-green hair. she loved to roam the forests hunting with bow and arrow , and she had vowed to live unmarried like the huntress, Artemis. She, therefore, felt no more love for the god than he had felt for Clytie. Instead she was afraid of him, and when he approached her, she turned and ran from him, her long hair streaming in the wind. More beautiful than ever was she as she ran, and Apollo sped after her, begging her to stop and listen to him, offering her his throne and his palace, telling her not to be afraid. The nearer he came, the more terrified Daphne felt as she raced down the slope towards her father's stream. She felt the radiant warmth of the god behind her, and his hand stretched out to catch her hair. She shrieked to her father to save her, and the river god made answer the only way he could. Suddenly her body dwindled, her arms shot up, and as Apollo seized her in his arms, he found himself grasping a bush of laurel with shining leaves the color of Daphne's dark-green hair. For a second he felt the frightened heart of the nymph beat beneath the bark enclosing it. Then it was still.Apollo sorrowed deeply for the loss of his love, and in memory of her he always wore a wreath of laurel. Laurel decorated his lyre, and at his festival the prize for athletes and musicians was a laurel crown.
ETERNAL YOUTH :
Eternal life and eternal youth are gifts men have always wanted, but to the Greeks these belonged to the gods alone, and very few mortals were ever granted them. There was and afterlife in Hades, but there men were poor, thin ghosts with bat-like, twittering voices and little power to enjoy or fell. Even Achilles, greatest of heroes, who lived in the land of the blessed dead among pleasant woods and meadows of daffodil, declared that he would rather be the meanest and most miserable slave on earth than the great prince of Hades that he was. Several stories are told of eternal youth and how hard it is to attain it. Among these are love stories of Artemis, the moon huntress, and Eos, whom we know better by her Latin name Aurora, goddess of the dawn.
In most legends Artemis is the shy huntress who chases the deer and the wild boar on the mountains with her silver bow. She loves the company of her nymphs alone and has sworn to keep away from man. One hunter, Actaeon, who spied on her as she was bathing, was even changed into a deer and run down by his own dogs as a punishment for his daring.
Yet there is a story that Artemis fell in love with Endymion, a shepherd who kept watch among the hills. Great was the love between the handsome, dark-eyed shepherd and the silver goddess who caressed him nightly with her beams. But since men grow sick and old while goddesses are forever young, Artemis could not possess Endymion always in the vigor of his youth. Therefore while he was still young, she sent upon him an enchanted sleep in which he might lie eternally, unheeding the lapse of time. In the shelter of a little cave on a high mountain side, on a couch of leaves and grass lies Endymion, sleeping forever, still rosy and youthful as in life. Month by month when the silver light of the full moon steals quietly in and caresses him, he smiles in his dream, and the moon goddess smiles at him and then passes silently on.
The love of Aurora for Tithonus was more tragic than this. Tithonus was a prince of Troy and marvelously handsome, so that the golden Dawn carried him away to her palace in the East, there to live with her in joy forever . She even went up to Olympus to ask Zeus for the gift of immortality for her love, but though Zeus consented to her prayer, she forgot to ask also for the gift of eternal youth.
For a while the lovers lived in joy in the many colored house of Aurora, which stood by the ocean shore at the farthest edge of the world. At last, however, the hair of Tithonus grew grey, then white; his face became furrowed and his limbs bowed. For a long time he goddess tended him carefully, though more like a daughter than a wife. Finally the wits of the poor, toothless old man began to fail him, and his trembling legs would no longer support his frame, then the goddess lifted him gently up, laid him on a great bed in an inner room, and quietly closed the brazen doors.
There, one story says, he lies for ever, each year a little weaker and more shrunken, babbling foolishly in a high quaver to himself. Some say, however, that he was changed into the grasshopper and that the little creature with the high, shrill voice and lean, shrunken limbs is all that is left of Tithonus, who was once beautiful and lived with the gods.