A Group To Study English (schedule at the first page)l

Listening Activity
Required Time For This Activity = 6st - 8th Shahrivar

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Easy
Painting

A woman talks about painting, a hobby she took up recently

Topic: Leisure
Length: 1:24
Accent: Croatian
Gender: F
Speed: Very Slow


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کد:

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http://www.4shared.com/file/128065679/38daaa0a/01_online.html

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Medium
Differences between US and UK Schools

The speaker describes some of the differences between the US and UK education systems

Topic: Education
Length: 3:51
Accent: General American
Gender: F
Speed: Very Slow

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کد:

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http://www.4shared.com/file/128065784/c031a04f/02_online.html

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Hard
Comparison of Two Companies

A graduate student compares two large US drug companies, Johnson and Johnson and Bristol Myers Squib, and examines their cash flow

Topic: Presentations in Business Studies
Length: 5:33
Accent: Chinese
Gender: F
Speed: Very Slow

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کد:

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http://www.4shared.com/file/128436972/e5905637/_2__03.html

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The End

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Listening Activity Answers

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armita2007

Hard

Our group compare of cash flow of Johnson Jason and Bristol in my script. Johnson Jason is well- known name for many people here like tire … and brand name and has some advantages. Johnson Jason ranks the largest, the most diversified …..company in the world .Today J & J offers the impressive list of …… list of block… prescription drugs, professional products and the ….. line related consumer products. Foreign business accounted 40 per cent of sales and 43 percent for profits in 1996.sales and earnings in 1996 were divided in con .,. professional and consumer products. As 1996, J&J has eighty nine thousands three hundred employees, one hundred thirty eight thousands five hundred stock holders in more than one hundred seventy operation companies in fifty countries around the world. Selling products in more than one hundred seventy countries. ...... segments represents Over 50 percent of operation profit for all segments. the foreign sui… segment principle worldwide from Chinese are in allergy ,antibacterial ,antifungal, … attack, central nervous system ,….., control acceptive , gastre... in new biological fields .from … segments sales in 1996 were7.19 billion.. and increase of 14.6 percent of over 1995.Bristle and Bristle in my script Is one of the worst ,largest from su…. Concerns. It would be important in drugs,. cardio vascular , anti infective and anti cancer and other areas and also it has interest in infant nutritionals , nonprescription ,medications, medical devises and the toilet t…. foreign business accounted forty three percent of sales and thirty seven percent of profit in 1996.sales and earnings in 1996 would be divided in foreign …. Products, nonprescription, health products, medical devices and t…. and beauty aids. As in 1996, Bristle in my script in company has fifty one thousands two hundred employees and one hundred and thirty three thousands six hundred forty share holders. The foreign s…. products segments which is the company largest segment at fifty eight percent of total company sales, increased 11percent to 8.702 billiob in 1996.the foreign su.. products include prescription medicals, many cardio vascular , anticancer and anti infective drugs which comprise about thirty percent, twenty five percent of respectfully in 1996 some segment s sales. Central nervous system drugs and other s…. products. From the cash flow statements, we have a question which is that is cash flow from operation sufficient for paying continuing use of cash. If no, what other recourses of cash reformed to be able to rely on this resource in the future cure. J&J cash from operation this sufficient .however, it wasn’t total unused credit available to the company is the precut …3.3 billion. Bristle in my script cash from operation of insufficient Bristle in my script must be in this annual reports it is include time deposits and marketable securities when considering it is principle major liquidity which is combined are added to cover the use of cash. Cash provided from operation and continue to be primary s… of finding .we research the development. Capital spending and Debating payouts … officers wants to ensure that its money was landed to either company they would be able to service to ..… without comprising continue use of cash. Analysis of this case, J&J .. performs Bristle in this category. We can consider that J&J has circles of cash


Medium

The differences between secondary school in U.S and British system, one thing one person would try to know when going to school studying U.S high school .students ca wear anything but in British school they wear uniform in terms of the curriculum, in the British system it s a national curriculum. all the school teach the same thing and all they have CGSE exams, one student about 16 years old or 2 years ago they used to be EGC exams for the famous ……American schools have any exams similar to that. Eventually..which is a multiple choice test ,but the GCE all of the exams are completely different. Those of all ESL questions and some short answer questions and each exam take three hours. You have sometimes several exams for each subject. Another big difference between American and British system is that after about age 16.the students in British system start a level course it is three course and student would take three or at the moment four courses only .so they really specialize by that time. But in the US system, student continue to take a large COURSE like math, languages, history but they take a few hours of that course since they take the courses as compare as three courses. So by the time the students in the British system take available is actually quite good in three courses taken. In terms of getting to university, in US system one needs to take one grade in one average and good essay in his course and his curriculum in activities in recommendation of things like that. once when getting to university they don’t necessary declare what the major want to be and tell software and regardless of major they have they have to take … courses, and in the British system a person declare a major even when they implying and for the time entering to university that course is very very … to that major.because they ….they have to speak with a specialist in that level of courses. Basically I think the UK system is quite good for students who know what they want to do from young age and who have obvious strength …. US system is better the students who don’t know what to do


Madame Tussaud

Painting
For the moment, I lived in Italy which is near ------ and I worked there as I looked after an old lady. I have plan for my free time. So, I took up and ---- hobby which is painting. I do enjoy that because it's very relaxing and I you also find out a new things about your own self and I do like painting ---- life that I like painting being painting the place I lived in the Krishna. It's very nice and there are too small islands in front, so, it's very interesting ------ to paint. These islands and the shadows on the water. I really enjoy painting and I paint with the water colors, with the pencil. I would like to try to paint with Oils. I would also like to take course about painting and because I do enjoy it very much and I would like to do it seriously some times.
Differences between US and UK Schools
------ A few differences between secondary school in the US and British system. One thing , a person don't notice right a way if they wearing to school is that in US high school , Student come wear anything , but in the British school they wear uniforms . In term of the -------, in the British system it's a national ---------. All the school teach the same thing and there are heading for GCE ---- exams one student about 16 years old or a few years ago used to be the GCE exams for the famous all of else . American has any exam similar to that. Eventually, they take ------- which is ------- choose test but the GCE all of exam completely different. There's all essay questions, some sure answers questions and each exam takes 3 hours also and you have sometimes several exams for each subjects. Another big different is between the American and British system is that after about age 16. The students in British system start ---- course. This is 2 years course and students would take 3 or at the very must course only. So, they're really starting to specialize by that time. But in the us system the students continue to take a large of ----- courses math , language , history but they take a few hours of that course since they taken that courses as camper ------- . So, by the time students in the British system takes available is actually quite good in --- that 3 courses he has taken. In terms of ---- in to university, in the US system are needs to good great point average and a good --------
They don't necessary degree --- manger want to be until ----
In the British system, a person degree --------- they courses are very , very much good to


dourtarin

Easy:

For women tell live in ltaly, which is new…… I work there I look afternoon lady. I have plant for free time so I took up new hobby which is painting I do enjoy that because it was very like thing and you also found out new thing about your own self and I do like painting style life than I like painting thing, painting of the place i live in crashia visit very nice and in there two small eye lines in from so it very interesting hot paint dieseline and shed on the wot, I really enjoy painting, and I paint without vocals without pencil, I would like extra to paint without ideals, I would also likes to take course about painting and because I do enjoy it very much, I would like to do it free slets on time.



Medium:

The qualify differences between seconder school in the US and British system, one thing a person would know waive went to school, Stalin US high school, Stalins can more any thing but in British school they were uniforms. In terms the care clam in British system it’s a national care clam. All school teaches the same thing and all here for GC-E exams one stony about sixteen years old. For a few years ago use to be GC-E exams body things all hours. Americans stone have any exams similar to that. It ….the takes the see which is….. choice test but they DGC-E all over exams completely different. Those all a say questions and some sure answer questions and each exam text three hours so have some time seven exam free subject. Another big difference between American and British system is that after about 86 the student in British system start a lot of course, this is a two year course and after will take three or at very most four courses only. So there will stain specials by that time, was the new system, Student continue the take another lovely Courses, mass languages, history, but they take favors over course, sense taking part courses as compare….. courses. So by the time studying in British system take a lot of use actually quiet good in three courses his taken. In time get to university and new system main good average and the good ……. school and…………………………………….. One … to university they don’t necessary declever what major they want to be and tell the soft more year and regard major they have this to have take the…. have courses. In the British system a person ….. some major in the new plan and found the time… to university the courses very very mush great to damager because had start so speed from the specialist a lot of courses quit often the ……back degree in three years as compare four years new system. Basically all thing case quit good for student who know what they want to do from image and who have ugly ….. ….US systematic believes some student who really they don’t what they want to do


rayhaneh

Easy


For the moment I lived in Italy which is near Badwa. And I worked there and I look after an old lady. I have plenty of free time so I took up a new hobby which is painting I do enjoy that because it's very relaxing and you also find out new things about your own self. And I do like painting still life then I like painting being paintings of the places I lived in Krisha. Is it very nice. And if there are two small islands in front so it's very interesting coach paint these islands and the shadows on the water. I really enjoy painting and I paint with water color and pencil. I would like to paint with oils and I would like to take course about painting because I do enjoy it very much and I would like to do it seriously sometimes.



Medium


There are quite a few differences between secondary school in US and British systems. One thing a person would notice while entering a US high school, students can were anything where in British schools they wear uniforms. In term of curriculum in the British system it's a national curriculum. All the schools teach the same thing and they all heading for GCAC exams when students are about 16 years old or a few years ago used to be GCE exam or the famous O levels. Americans don’t have any exam similar to that, eventually they take the ACAT which is multiple choice test. But the GCE or O level exams are completely different. Those are all essay type questions and some short answer questions and each exam takes 3 hours or so when you have sometimes several exam for each subject. Another big difference between Americans and british system is that after about age 16, the student in british system start their A level course. This is a 2 years course and a student will take 3 or at the very most 4 courses only. So, they are really start to specialize by that time where as in US system the students continue to take a large of ideal courses like maths, languages history but they takes a few hours of those course since they prat A courses as compared with 3 courses. So by the time as the student in British system takes A levels is actually quite good in the 3 courses which he is taking. In term of getting into university in US system one need a good grade point average and a good ACT score and off course some extra circular activities and recommendations and things like that. Once they getting into a university, they don't necessarily declare what major they want to be until theirs half more year and regardless of what major have they still have to take their ideal courses. In the British system a person declares his major even when they are applying and from the time they enter the university their courses are very very much gear to that major because they have gotten quite a head start sort of speak from the specialized A level courses, quite often they can get a bachelors' degree in 3 years as compared with 4 years in US system. Basically, I think the UK system is quite good for the students who know what they want to do from young age and who have obvious strength and certainty. Us system might be a little better for some students who really don't know what they want to do

Atefeh1

Medium:


There are quite differences between secondary school in the U. S and British system. One thing a person would not destroy away if they went to school in setting U. S high schools the student can wear anything but in the British schools they wear uniforms. In terms of curriculum in the British system it’s a national curriculum, all the schools teach same thing and they all having four GCSC exams when the students about sixteen years old or a few years use to be the GCE exam.

American don’t have any exam similar to that eventually they take the SAT which is a multiple choice test but the GCE or O level exams are completely different. There is all essay questions and some short answer questions and each exam takes three hours or so and you have sometimes several exams for each subject. Another big different between American and British system is that after about age sixteen the students in British system start the A level course. This is a two years course and student would take three or at the very most four questions only so they really starting to specialize by that time where as in U. S system the students continue retake a large of ready of courses math, languages, history. But they take few hours of that course semester taking… courses as compare only three courses so by the time a student in the British system takes A levels its actually quite good in the three courses he is taken .In terms of getting into university in U. S system one needs a good point of average and a good essay T scour and off course in curriculum activities in matriculation something like that. Once in getting into university they don’t necessarily declare what major they want to be until the end of their sophomore year and regardless to what major they have, they still have to ride of the courses. In the British system a person declares the major even when they were applying and from the time they enter into university their courses are very very match gird to that major. Because they have gotten a head star so they speak from their specialize A level courses. Quite often they can get back to their degree in three years as compare with four years in U. S system. Basically I think the UK system is quite good for the students who know what they want from young age and who have…..the US system.. for some students who really don’t know what they want to do


گیسو

Easy


For a moment I live in Italy witch is near Padova, and I work there, I look after old lady, I have plenty of free time so I took up a new hobby witch is painting, I do enjoy a lot, because it’s very…and you also find out a new things about your own self, and I do like painting to life then I like painting, things painting though the place I live in the....it is very nice and there are two small island in front so it’s very interesting how to paint, these island and the shadow of the water. I really enjoy painting and I paint with…colors, with a pencil. I would like to try to with oils, I would like to take curse about painting because I do enjoy it very much and I would like to do it seriously some times.



Medium

The quite of few differences between secondary school in the US and British system. One thing a person would notice right away of…to school is that US high school students convert any things, but in a British school they wear uniforms. In terms of the…in a British system it’s a national…all school teach the same things and all there had for GCSE exams when the students are abut sixteen years old or few years ago use to be the GCSE exams for the famous all of us. American stone have any exam similar to that; eventually they take the essay…which is a multiple choice test but the GCE of all exams are completely different, those are all essay questions and some short answer questions and each exam takes three hours or so, some times several exams for each subject. Another big difference between the American and the British system is that, after about age sixteen the student in British system start eleven course, this is a two year course and student would take three or at the very most four courses, so they really starting specialize by that time where in a US system the student continue the take a large of…of courses; math, languages, history but they take few hours of that course since they take…courses as compare with three courses, so by the time students in the British system take…levels is actually quite good in three courses…taken. In terms of getting in to the university in US system one need to get good grate point average and a good essay…score and of course

extreme2006gh

1
For the moment I live in Italy which is ---- and I work there, I look after on a lady, I have planed for free time, so I took up a new hobby which is painting, I do enjoy ---- because It is very relaxing and you also find out a new thing about oneself and I do like painting still life, then I like painting, thing painting ----- the place I live in Croatia, It is very nice and there are few small island in front ------
It is very interesting how to paint these island and the shadows in the water. I really enjoy painting and I paint with the dark colours with a pencil. I would like to try to paint with oils and I would like ---- to take a course about painting and because I do enjoy It very much and I would like to do it seriously sometimes.


2.
The quite a few differences between secondary school in the US and British system: one thing a person would know this right away after they went to school is that in US high school students can wear anything but in the British school they wear uniforms in terms of curriculum in the British system it s a national curriculum, all the school teach the same things and there are heading for GCSE exams when students are about sixteen years old or few years ago it used to be the GCSE exams with the famous all levels. Americans don t have any exam similar to that If actually they take the SAT
Which is a multiple choice test but the GCSE all levels exams are completely different. There is only an essay questions and some short answer questions and each exam takes three hours ------ some times several exams for each subject. Another big difference between the American and British system is that after about age sixteen the students in British system start their A level course, this is a two-year course and students would take three or at the very most four courses only. So they really starting to specialize by that time ----- in US system the students continue to take a large of ---- course, math, languages, history, but they take few hours of that course since they are taking perhaps ---- courses as compare with ---- courses. So by the time students in the British system take ---- It is actually quite good in the three courses ------ .
In terms of getting to university in US system one needs a good point average and a good essay --- score and of course some extra curriculum activities ----- like that .
Once you getting to university they don’t necessarily declare what major they want to be until the end of their soft ---- year and regardless what major they have they still have to take ---- of courses. In the British system a person declare some major even when they are applying and when the time end to university their courses ---------
Because you have gotten a head start
Quite often they can get a bachelor degree in three years as compare with four years in US system. Basically I think the UK system is quite good for student who know what they want to do from the young age and who have obvious ------. US system might be a little better for some students who really don’t know what they want to do

محمد88

Medium
differents between secondary school in the US and the British system
One thing is … when is going to school
Studying US high schools, student can wear anything, but in British schools
They wear uniforms…
In terms of the … in the British system, it’s a national …
All the schools teach the same thing and the all have…, exams, when students are about sixteen years old
Or a few years ago used to be the GCA exams, what the famous all of us
American stone have any exams similar to that
Eventually they take the CT which is a multiple choice test
But the GCA or all of exams are completely different; those are all S/A questions and some sure answer questions
And each exam takes three hours ... when you have sometimes several exams for each subject
Another big different between American and British system is that after about eight
…sixteen the students in British system start

Singleguy

1
For the moment I live in Italy which is near …….I looked after an old lady. I have plenty free time so I took up a new hobby which is painting I do very enjoy because it's very relaxing and if you find out a new thing about your own self and I do like painting …..then I like painting , painting of the place I live in…….. that is very nice and it there a few small islands ….so its very…to paint these islands and the shadows on the water. I really enjoy painting and I paint with the whole colors …..and I would like to take a course about painting because I do enjoy it very much and I like to do it seriously sometimes.

2
There are quite a few differences between secondary school in the US and British system . one thing a person would notice right away if they want to go to school if studying in US high schools. Students can wear anything but in the British schools they wear uniforms. In terms of that …….in the British system it's a national …… all the schools teach the same thing …………..exams when student is about 16years old. Or a few years ago used to be…..exams but the famous all levels. Americans don't have any exams similar to that. Eventually they have….test which is a multiple choice test. But the….all of exams are completely different. Those are all essay questions and some short answer questions. And each exam take 3 hours . some times several exams for each subject. An other big difference between British and American system is that after about age 16 ,the students in British system ….course. this is a 2 year course and student would take 3 or at the very most 4 courses only

Whansinnig

easy


listening


For the moment I live in Italy which is near pad wan and I work there, I look after Known lady. I have plenty free time so I took up new hobby which is painting. I feel enjoyable because it's very relaxing and you find out a new thing about own self. And I'd like painting still live then I like painting the place I live in co ration. It's very nice and there are to small island in front of …………. And ….. . I really enjoy painting I paint with bothcalles with pencil
I was extra to paint wit oils and I was also like to take a curse about painting and because I do enjoyable and I like to do it seriously some times


brain


Easy

for moment I live in Inniechly which is Neeapaula and I worked there as I looked after a new lady I have plant of free time so I took upon new hubby which is painting I do enjoy that because it's very relaxing and you also find out a new thing about your ownself and I do like painting still life there I like painting it is very nice and there are cute small island in front so it's very instinct how to paint and these islands and the shadows on the water and I really enjoy painting and I paint with a pencil I would like to try to paint with oils and I would also like to take cows about painting and because I do enjoy it very much and I would like to do it seriously sometimes

Hard

our group compare a ... row of Janson-Janson and ... to my script Janson-Janson is a well-known name for many people here ... likes ... and ... of ... bandages Janson-Janson ranks as the largest in the most of diversely fight to help ... company in the world today J&J offers in impressive list of black buster prescription drags professional products and ... line of head related consumer product forum business accounted for fifty percent of sales and forty three percent of prophet in ninty ninty six sales in ... in ninty ninty six world divided divided in ... profession now and consumer products as of ninty ninty six Janson Janson has eighty nine thousands three hundred one hundred three one hundred thirty eight thousands five hundred stockholders in more than one hundred in seventy opration companies in fifty countries around the world selling products in more than one hundred seventy five countries

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Main scripts

Easy

for for the moment i live in Italy. which is um near Padua. and uh i work there i uh look after an old lady. i have plently of free time so i took up a new hobby which is painting. uh i do enjoy that because it is very relaxing and uh you also find out new things about your own self. hehe and uh i do like painting still life. then i like painting (thin-) painting the place i live in Croatia because it's very nice and uh there are few uh small island in front so it's very interesting how to paint the island and uh the shadows on the water. uh i really enjoy painting and uh i paint with uh water colors and uh pencils. i would like to try to paint with uh oils. uh i would also like to take a course about painting. and uh because I do enjoy it very much and uhm i would like to do it seriously sometimes.


Medium

there're quite a few differences between secondary school in the U-S and the british system. one thing a person would notice right away if they went into a school is that in U-S high schools the students can wear anything, but in the british schools they wear uniforms. in terms of the curriculum, in the british system it's a national curriculum. all the schools teach the same thing. and they are all heading for G-C-S-E exams when the student is about sixteen years old. or a few years ago it used be the G-C-E exams or the famous O levels. americans don't have any exams similar to that. eventually they take the S-A-T which is a multiple choice test. but the... the G-C-E or O level exams are completely different. those are all essay questions and some short answer questions. and each exam takes three hours or so and you have sometimes several exams for each subject.
another big difference between the american and british system is that after about age sixteen, the students in the british system start their A level course. this is a two-year course and a student would take three or at the very most four courses only. so they're really starting to specialize by that time. whereas in the U-S system, the students continue to take a larger variety of courses, math, languages, history... . ah but they take fewer hours of that course since they're taking perhaps eight courses as compared with only three courses. so by the time a student in the british system takes his A levels he is actually quite good in the three courses he's taken. in terms of getting into university, in the U-S system, one needs a good grade-point average and a good S-A-T score and of course some extra-curricular activities and recommendations and things like that. once they get into university, they don't necessarily declare what major they want to be until the end of their sophomore year. and regardless of what major they have, they still have to take a variety of courses. in the british system, a person declares their major even when they're applying. and from the time they enter university, their courses are very very much geared to that major. because they've gotten a head-start so to speak from the specialized A level courses, quite often they can get a bachelor's degree in three years as compared with four years in the U-S system... basically, i think the U-K system is quite good for students who know what they want to do from a young age and who have obvious strengths in certain areas. the U-S system might be a little better for some students who really don't know what they want to do.


Hard

our group compare um cash flow of Johnson and Johnson and Bristol Myers Squib. Johnson and Johnson is a well known name for many people here like uh Tylenol like Band Aid adhesive bandages. Johnson and Johnson ranks as the largest and the most diversified health care company in the world. today J and J offers an impressive list of blockbuster prescription drugs, professional products and the broadest line of health related cust- consumer products. foreign business accounted for fifty per cent of sales and forty three per cent of profits in nineteen ninety-six. sales and earnings in nineteen-ninety-six were divided divided in pharmaceuticals professional and consumer products. as of nineteen ninety-six Johnson and Johnson has eighty-nine-thousand three hundred employees, one hundred three_ one hundred-thirty-eight thousand five-hundred stockholders and more than one hundred and seventy operation companies in fifty countries around the world, selling products in more than one hundred and seventy five countries. the pharmaceutical segment represents over fifty per cent of operation profit for all segments. the pharmaceutical segments principle world-wide franchisees are in the allergy, antibacterial, anti-fungal, biotech central nervous system contra- contraceptive [see probably means contraceptive], gastro-intestinal and immune biology fields. pharmaceutical segment sales in nineteen ninety-six were seven point one nine billion, an increase of fourteen point six per cent over nineteen ninety-five.
Bristol and Bristol Myers Squib is one of the world's largest pharmaceutical concerns with important drugs in key cardiovas- vascular anti-infective, anti-cancer and other areas. it also has interest in infant nutritional non-prescription medications, medico-devices and toiletries. foreign business accounted for forty-three per cent of sales and thirty-seven per cent of profits in nineteen-ninety-six. sales and earnings in nineteen-ninety-six were divided in uh pharmaceutical products. non-prescription health products, medico-devices and toiletries and beauty aids. as of nineteen-ninety-six, Bristol Myers company has fifty-one thousand, two hundred employees and a hundred and thirty-three thousand six-hundred forty forty shareholders. the pharmaceutical products segment which is the company's largest segment at fifty-eight per cent of total company sales increased eleven per cent to eight point seven oh two billion in nineteen ninety-six. pharmaceutical products include the prescription medicos many cardiovascular anti-cancer and anti-infective drugs which comprise about thirty per cent, twenty- five per cent and twenty respectfully in nineteen ninety six of the segment sales central nervous system drugs and the other pharmaceutical products.
from the cash flow statement we have a question which is that is cash from operations sufficient for paying continuing use of cash. if no. what other sources of cash would the firm be able to rely on this source in the future period? Johnson and Johnson's cash from operations is sufficient. however, if it wasn't total unused credit available to the company is approximately three point three billion, Bristol Myers Squib cash from operations are insufficient. Bristol Myers advanced in this annual report that it includes time deposit and marketable securities when considering its principle measures of liquidity which when combined are adequate to cover continuing use of cash. cash provided from operation continued to be the primary source of funding for research and development, capital spending and dividend pay outs. a bank loan officer wants to ensure that if money was lent to either company they will be able to service the debt without compromising continuing_ continuous use of cash. analyses indicates that Johnson and Johnson outperforms Bristol Myers in this category. we can see that Johnson and Johnson has surplus of cash whilst Bristol Myers is negative

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The End

Going Shopping

cover this part today including 2 pages:

کد:

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Key:

کد:

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Unite 15
past perfect (I had done)l

read the passage blow:l

به متن زیر توجه کنید:

Sarah went to a party last week. Paul went to the party too, but they didn't see each other. when Sarah arrived at the party , Paul wasn't there.
He had gone home

had gone is past perfect and the routine of using it is what you can see blow

در آخرین جمله بالا had gone ، گویای زمان past perfect هست که درس امروز در مورد آن است و آین زمان را به صورت زیر به کار می بریم:

I/We/You/She/He/It + Had + past participle
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

sometimes we talk about what happened in the past: l

گاهی در مورد اتفاقی حرف میزنیم که در گذشته اتفاق افتاده:

Sarah arrived at the party

this is the starting point of story. Then if we want to talk about things that had happened before this time, we use the past perfect

حال اگربخواهیم درباره ی اتفاق و یا عملی حرف بزنیم که زمان وقوع آن قبل از زمان به وقوع پیوستن فعل جمله ی بالا باشد ، از زمان past perfect استفاده میکنیم:

when Sarah arrived at the party, Paul had already gone home
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

به مثال های زیر توجه کنید

More examples

W [ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] When we got home last night, we found out that somebody broken into the flat
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] Karen didn't want to go to the cinema with us because she'd already seen the film
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] I thought I'd done the right thing, but I soon realized that I'd made a big mistake
The man sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. He hadn't flown before [ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

compare the present perfect and the past perfect: l

اکنون دو زمان past perfect و present perfect را در جملات زیر با یکدیگر مقایسه کنید:

present perfect
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

past perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]


present perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] who is that woman? I haven't seen her before

past perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] I didn't know who she was .I'd never seen her before






present perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] We aren't hungry. We've just had lunch

past perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] We weren't hungry. We had just have lunch







present perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] The house is dirty. They haven't cleaned it for weeks

past perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] The house was dirty. They hadn't cleaned that for weeks

[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

compare the past simple and past perfect: l

اکنون دو زمان past simple وpast perfect را با هم مقایسه کنید

past simple:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

past perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]


past simple:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] A:Was Tom there when you arrived?
B:Yes but he left soon afterwards

past perfect:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] A:was Tom there when you arrived?
B:No, he had already left






past simple:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] Kate wasn't at home when I called. She was at her mother's house

past perfect:
Kate had just got home when I called. she had been at her mother's house [ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

Unite 16
past prefect continues(I had been doing)i

[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

For understanding this tense let's took an example situation
Yesterday i got up and looked out of the window. the sun was shining but the ground was very wet. It had been raining.
It means it was not raining at the time i got up

had been+ing is pat prefect continues
I/we/you/they/he/she/it +had('d)+been+doing

By this tence we say something had been happening for a period of time before something else happend

زمان گذشته کامل استمراری/ماضی بعید استمراری
وقتی عملی در زمان گذشته دور قبل از زمان گذشته ساده به صورت استمرار به وقوع پیوسته باشد،ما از past prefect continues استفاده میکنیم.
past prefect وpast prefect continues از نظر زمان وقوع مشابه اند و فرق عمده در تاکیدی است که past prefect contiues بر استمرار کار در گذشته دور قبل از گذشته ساده میکند.

Afew more examples:

مثال ها:

I was very tired when i got home,I had been working hard all day

من وقتی خونه رسیدم خیلی خسته بودم چون تمام روز رو کارکرده بودم.

when the boys reached home.Their clothes were dirty,their hair was untidy and one of them had ablack eye.They 'd been fighting

وقتی پسرها به خونه اومدند،لباسهاشون کثیف بود و موهاشون بهم ریخته بودو یکیشون چشمش کبود بود.اونها دعوا کرده بودند.

We'd been playing tennis for about half an hour when it started to rain heavily

قبل از اینکه بارون شروع به باریدن کنه ما حدود نیم ساعت تنیس بازی کرده بودیم

Compare present prefect contiues and past prefect continues
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
Jame is out of breath,he has been runing: Jame was out of breath,he had been runing

مقایسه حال کامل استمراری و گذشته کامل استمراری
جیم نفسش بریده(نفس نفس میزند) ،او دویده است:جیم نفسش بریده بود،او دویده بوده است.

Compare past continues and past prefect contiues
Cathy was sitting in the armchair,she was tired because she 'd been working

مقایسه گذشته استمراری و گذشته کامل استمراری
کتی درحال استراحت روی صندلی بود،اوخسته بود چون او قبلا کار کرده بود.

Note:
Some verbs(eg:like,know..)are not normally used in past prefect contiues
Example:
we were good friends.we had known each other for four years(not
had been known)i

تمرین:

کد:

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Don't forget to have a look on exercise,it will help alot
Pray for me also at iftar time
:11:

Writing activity:

What are your plans for future?

(You can speak about your goals, wishes and things that you want to do in future. Maybe that̓ s time which decides for your future.)

Remember these

1.At least 100 words, and tips dear sepid 12 told us

2. 5 example of Grammar

3. 5 example of Vocabulary

__________________

In the name of God

Writing:

This is a common question which it is not the first time I ve thought of my future, what I should do and what things I can do during my life. Never, ever I could not find a right answer for it in that time because it s relatively changeable without my power. What it is necessary to keep in mind is to choose the best ways related to my goals, nature and characteristic.

First of all, I simply want to be as useful as I can be for as long as I can be. One of my aspirations is to get great wealth, prestige and power.

Second, I want to create and set my lifestyle based on great values to go even deeper. It is very clearly if I have small goals, I think I will reach the smallest ones like getting higher position in my job or being passed the exam.

Surely my plan to future is to make me have an unforgettable impression in the community but what is more important with respect to me is to maintain my good personality and to feel satisfied with everything I do.

Words:

:A

1You d better be a good salesperson to attract many more customers

2in my company, my boss is basically going to choose a professional assistant in the future

"3Provide a big basket to handle this corpse "The murder said

4The thief had suddenly attacked to a cashier who was my neighbor

5Don’t forget to check out what you borrowed last month

B :

1. The refugees need much more foods and blankets these days.

2. I will take you to the park with my car if you leave home immediately.

3. selling of these accessories require more attraction by advertisement.

4. Spending all of his money, he had to sleep in the street.

5. when I registered in this club, I had to buy a car to go there.

C :

1. My grandfather has left his glasses on the table in front of his beautiful flower vase.

2. Julie has been out of home for 3 hours without any permission.

3. Her mother bought a new doll for his son for his birthday.

4. I took my travel check into my bag immediately.

5. Make sure that our books have been purchased from a valid bookstore in U.S.

D:

1. I m searching a good job with high wages.

2. The quality of Sony products are much better than LG ones.

3. Most of our farmers in my country are dealt with the drought and the other big problems.

4. Personal history and body language with the other cases are so important to be nominated in this company.

5. I wish I could predict what he wanted to ask me in the interview.

Past Perfect:

1. when I arrived at home, Tom had planted many flowers in my garden.

2. John had lost his keys in the train.

3. Maryam had lived in Tehran since he was born.

4. My brother had waited a doctor to cure my grandmother in the hospital.

5. He had been in the army for ten years.

Past Perfect Continuous:

1. My sister had been aspiring a new car a long time.

2. he had been trying to get a good job, but he couldn’t success by now.

3. Kamel was tired because he had been working since dawn.

4. I had been painting the wall.

5. He had been repairing my bus although he was not too professional in that work.

Present Perfect:

1. I have received your letter for 2 hours.

2. He has invited many people for his birthday.

3. Ian has not seen his baby in the hospital yet.

4. My principle has not smoked a cigarette in his life.

Past:

1. I went to the mountains yesterday.

2. His students were in the bus.

3. Jorge tried to be a good employee for getting high position.

4. It was terrible. I couldn’t bear it.

5. He invited her to go shopping with his car last year.

In the name of God

Writing

What are your plans for future

We usually think about this question in our mind, and we try to plan our future but I don’t know that we are successful or not to decide what's the best decision for our future. Or isn’t good that we put our plan away and depend on the condition or time?

Some happening will happen completely different as we think so how we can plan for them? Are our plans helpful to remove obstacles or it creating obstacles!

How we can sure about it?! I think we never can guess exactly what will happen even in near future, but it's not good to depend on time only. How ever I have some plans for my future, I will continue my study at higher level in PhD and I'll try to change my work condition may be by finding another job... I really like to find time to try every new situation. But I think our plan can not only include the median decision.

My future can happen with my plan or without it, it never wait for me and my decision so I should run if I really want to gain my goals. I should pass the obstacles, I should be acquainted what I am doing, what I will do and what will happen.

At the end I think the important thing is not how many goals can we gain, the most important thing is the answer of these questions: how much will we feel satisfied? How much time do we spent to obtain the goals? Which way do we pass to obtain them? How much will we think the same as yesterday about the goals?

And finally do we learn any thing of our success in obtaining them or in failing to obtain them? And now what will our plan be about future? Dose our think change or we still are in the same think?

Grammar:

Unit 13: present perfect

She has done his homework very well.

We have gone to foreign country many times.

The children have hurt animals.

They had made enough stories to disclaim the truth.

They haven’t translated any book.

Unit 14: past

They didn't pass the exam.

They smashed up the car in the accident.

Many goals were obtained before.

They never believed us before.

My neighbor moved to a new house yesterday.

Unit 15: past perfect

He had arrived at the office.

The bird had flown in horizon line.

They had written a long story.

He had read her diary without permission.

He had passed the entrance exam.

Unit 16: past perfect continues

They had been learning English.

His father had been working hard.

The children had been watching TV all day.

My friend had waiting to for us.

They had playing football.

Vocabulary:

Part A

Some customers are arguing about the price of the things.

They put all diary products in the shelves.

Things were exited without check outing from the store.

Chasers should behave respectably by customers.

Things are so much than they can put them in one trolley.

Part B

You should pay a lot of money to buy a few things these days.

The man tried to push his car in the way of the street kerb.

They find a new solution to come out this situation.

You should spend your time in the best way.

The passengers were complaining about flight delay.

Part C

They put a lot of money in front of him to obtain his agreement.

Technological development can change word in near future.

He usually put things at the wrong place.

Many emigrant were coming Iran from Afghanistan.

You need to improve your English before traveling.

Part D

I need buy a tube of toothpaste today.

Customers must give taxes for buying every packet of cigarette.

There isn’t any thing in this box.

You should pay more than this to buy a carton of milk.

They bought a jar of peanut butter for their breakfast.

نقل قول:

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نوشته شده توسط armita2007 [ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

In the name of God

Writing:

This is a common question which it is not the first time I ve thought of my future, what I should do and what things I can do during my life. Never, ever I could not find a right answer for it in that time because it s relatively changeable without my power. What it is necessary to keep in mind is to choose the best ways related to my goals, nature and characteristic.

First of all, I simply want to be as useful as I can be for as long as I can be. One of my aspirations is to get great wealth, prestige and power.

Second, I want to create and set my lifestyle based on great values to go even deeper. It is very clearly if I have small goals, I think I will reach the smallest ones like getting higher position in my job or being passed the exam.

Surely my plan to future is to make me have an unforgettable impression in the community but what is more important with respect to me is to maintain my good personality and to feel satisfied with everything I do.

Words:

4. My brother had waited a doctor to cure my grandmother in the hospital.

5. He had been in the army for ten years.

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which it is: which is

which it is not the first time I ve thought of my future: I couldn't get u here properly....there is sth wrong.... if I were u I would write: it's a kinda questions which has been asked several times

what is more important with respect to me: ?! couldn't get u

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!!!
about the grammar! Past Participle(Progressive) is more tangible when it comes in a complete article or piece of writing n that's why I had problem with some of yr sentences but after rereading them I noticed that u've been careful enough, although most of them are kinda incomplete,they seem to be true
like these two sentences which I've highlighted in Red! they can be correct but it would be better if u had written them in a more clarified situation so that comprehending them would be easier...
for example for this: he had been in the army for ten years...I think as a single sentence it should come in Present Perfect Tense

n about this sentence! I kinda mixed up, there is sth wrong: My brother had waited a doctor to cure my grandmother in the hospital.

نقل قول:

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نوشته شده توسط Whansinnig [ برای مشاهده لینک ، با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]

In the name of God

Writing

What are your plans for future

We usually think about this question in our mind, and we try to plan our future but I don’t know that we are successful or not to decide what's the best decision for our future. Or isn’t good that we put our plan away and depend on the condition or time?

Some happening will happen completely different as we think so how we can plan for them? Are our plans helpful to remove obstacles or it creating obstacles!

How we can sure about it?! I think we never can guess exactly what will happen even in near future, but it's not good to depend on time only. How ever I have some plans for my future, I will continue my study at higher level in PhD and I'll try to change my work condition may be by finding another job... I really like to find time to try every new situation. But I think our plan can not only include the median decision.

My future can happen with my plan or without it, it never wait for me and my decision so I should run if I really want to gain my goals. I should pass the obstacles, I should be acquainted what I am doing, what I will do and what will happen.

At the end I think the important thing is not how many goals can we gain, the most important thing is the answer of these questions: how much will we feel satisfied? How much time do we spent to obtain the goals? Which way do we pass to obtain them? How much will we think the same as yesterday about the goals?

And finally do we learn any thing of our success in obtaining them or in failing to obtain them? And now what will our plan be about future? Dose our think change or we still are in the same think?

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happening will: events may
it is correct to say happening will, but to avoid using two similar words constantly [Happening will happen], it's better to use events rather than happening

it creating: it creats

can sure: can get sure

can we gain: we can gain
look at yr complete sentence, it's an indirect sentence

one more thing, which I think is worth mentioning is the use of 'will' in yr writing, u've used it a lot! if I were u I would change them all to may, some other words like: it's possible, probably, may, might n even going to rather than 'will'... to show the possibility of the future which is not truly clear for us