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The rate at which the volume change, or consolidation, occurs in a soil is directly related
to the permeability of the soil because the permeability controls the speed at which the
pore water can escape. The permeability of most sands is so high that the time required
for consolidation after a load application can be considered negligible except for cases
where a large mass of sand is subjected to a rapid shear or shock loading. Conversely,
the low permeability of a clay makes the rate of volume change after application of a load
a factor which must be considered. Laboratory consolidation studies, therefore, are
almost entirely limited to soils of low permeability.
Consolidation is an important fundamental phenomenon which must be understood by
everyone who attempts to gain a knowledge of soil behavior in engineering applications.
