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When a saturated soil mass is subjected to a load increment, the load is usually carried
initially by the water in the pores because the water is incompressible when compared
with the soil “skeleton”. The pressure which results in the water because of the loading is
called
hydrostatic excess pressure because it is in excess of that pressure due to the
weight of water. As the water drains from the soil pores, the load increment is gradually
shifted to the soil structure. This transfer of load is accompanied by a change in the total
volume of soil equal to the volume of water drained. This process is known as
consolidation.
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