مشاهده نسخه کامل
: danial_848
09-08-2013, 12:38
باشه میدونم شما هم با دیدن کلمه "مایا" حالت تهوع بهتون دست میده، :n02: ولی این یکی ربطی به اون بحثهای قدیمی نداره
یک کنده کاری بزرگ و تقریبا به طور کامل سالم از مایاها در شهر نسبتا کوچک Holmul (که الان ظاهرا معلوم شده یه شهر استراتژیک بوده) پیدا شده
جالب اینکه از قبل یه تونل توسط افرادی که برای غارت شهر اومده بودن به سمت این کتیبه زده شده بوده، به طوری که اگه یکم دیگه میکندن بهش رسیده بودن
خبر خلاصه فارسی:
کشف يک کتيبه 1400 ساله در گواتمالا
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
تهران / واحد مرکزی خبر/ اجتماعی 1392/05/17
یک کتیبه 1400 ساله مربوط به قوم مایا در یک مرکز باستان‌شناسی در شمال گواتمالا کشف شد.
فرانسیسکو استرادا-بِلی ، باستان شناس گواتمالایی روز چهارشنبه اعلام کرد این یک کشف فوق العاده است که شاید در زندگی هر باستان شناس تنها یک بار اتفاق افتد. این کتیبه متعلق به مایاها در نوع خود جالب ترین کتیبه ای است که تا به امروز دیده شده است.
به گزارش خبرگزاری فرانسه از واشنگتن ، این کتیبه ماه ژوئیه در مرکز باستان شناسی شهر هولمول ، در 600 کیلومتری شمال پایتخت گواتمالا و نزدیک مرز مکزیک کشف شد.
این کتیبه گچی به عرض هشت متر و ارتفاع دو متر ، که تصاویر و نام های خدایان و حاکمانی که به الهه تبدیل شده اند در آن دیده می شود ، مرحله بسیار مهمی از تاریخ را بین سال های 250 تا 900 میلادی نشان می دهد.
این باستان شناس گفت این کتیبه یک اثر بزرگ هنری است و سه شخصیت اصلی آن لباس هایی فاخر از پر کِتزال (پرنده ای که سمبل گواتمالا است) و پشم بر تن دارند و روی تپه هایی به شکل هیولا نشسته اند.
175/163
مطلب اصلی از سایت نشنال جئوگرافیک:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
Big Discovery
Photograph courtesy Francisco Estrada-Belli
Archaeologist Anya Shetler cleans an inscription below an ancient stucco frieze recently unearthed in the buried Maya ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) city of Holmul in the Peten region of Guatemala. Sunlight from a tunnel entrance highlights the carved legs of a ruler sitting atop the head of a Maya mountain spirit.
The enormous frieze—which measures 26 feet by nearly 7 feet (8 meters by 2 meters)—depicts human figures in a mythological setting, suggesting these may be deified rulers. It was discovered in July in the buried foundations of a rectangular pyramid in Holmul.
Maya archaeologist Francisco Estrada-Belli ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) and his team were excavating a tunnel left open by looters when they happened upon the frieze. "The looters had come close to it, but they hadn't seen it," Estrada-Belli said.
According to Estrada-Belli, the frieze is one of the best preserved examples of its kind. "It's 95 percent preserved. There's only one corner that's not well preserved because it's too close to the surface, but the rest of it isn't missing any parts," said Estrada-Belli, who is affiliated with Tulane University, Boston University, and the American Museum of Natural History and who is also a National Geographic Explorer ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]). His excavations at Holmul were supported by the National Geographic Society/Waitt Grants Program ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).
Maya archaeologist Marcello Canuto ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) agreed, calling the frieze "amazingly and beautifully preserved."
"We often dream of finding things this well preserved, and Francisco did it," said Canuto, who is the director of the Middle American Research Institute ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) at Tulane University in New Orleans; he was not involved in the project.
For example, despite being mostly faded away now, traces of red, blue, green, and yellow paint are still visible on the frieze.
"It gives you an idea of how intricate and ornate these sites that we are excavating must have been during their apogee," Canuto said. "These sites must have been a feast for the eyes when they were inhabited."
David Stuart, a Maya hieroglyph expert at the University of Texas at Austin, pointed out that archaeologists think most large Maya temples were probably decorated with similar sorts of designs.
"But not all temples were so carefully buried and preserved like this," said Stuart, who did not participate in the project. "Also, each temple facade was slightly different and therefore unique in terms of its detail and message." (Explore an interactive map of key Maya sites ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).)
Caught Between Two Great Powers
The section of the temple at Holmul where the frieze was found dates back to about A.D. 590, which corresponds to the Maya classical era, a period defined by the power struggles between two major Maya dynasties: Tikal and Kaanul.
The two kingdoms competed with one another for resources and for control of other, smaller Maya city-states. Until now, however, it had been unclear which dynasty Holmul owed its allegiance to, but an inscription on the newly discovered frieze reveals that the temple was commissioned by Ajwosaj, ruler of a neighboring city-state called Naranjo, which archaeologists know from other discoveries was a vassal city of the Kaanul kingdom.
"We now know that Holmul was under the influence of the Kaanul dynasty," Canuto said.
In 2012, Canuto's team found and deciphered a series of hieroglyphically inscribed panels at another Maya city of a similar size to Holmul, called La Corona ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]), which was also under the patronage of the Kaanul kingdom.
Recent discoveries at sites like La Corona and Holmul are helping reveal how these sites, despite being relatively small compared with some of their neighbors, were important players on the region's larger geopolitical stage.
"We're now beginning to appreciate how all these hierarchical levels of sites were involved in a larger political game that put them on [the side of either Tikal or Kaanul]," Canuto explained. (See "Why the Maya Fell ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).")
All About Location
Why was Holmul—a minor city that was home to only 10,000 to 20,000 people—so important to the Tikal and Kaanul dynasties?
Previous work by Estrada-Belli suggests Holmul occupied a strategic position for both kingdoms. The city lay along the best east-west route between the Tikal dynasty's capital city, also called Tikal, and the coast. It also lay along a north-south route between the Kaanul capital city of Dzibanche and the Guatemalan highlands that did not pass through Tikal territory.
The Guatemalan highlands contained precious resources such as basalt, obsidian, and jade that were coveted by both kingdoms.
"A [Maya] king without jade was no king at all," Canuto said.
By controlling Holmul in the east and La Corona in the west, the Kaanul dynasty was able to effectively access these riches without going through the capital city of its rival.
(See video of a Maya mural and calendar uncovered by National Geographic grantee Bill Saturno in Guatemala ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).)
Staying Put for Now
The frieze still lies buried in Holmul where it was initially discovered because it is too big to move, said lead archaeologist Estrada-Belli.
"We're going to try to preserve it and create a stable environment around it so people can eventually visit it," he said.
"We're very concerned about its present condition, so we had to re-bury the entrance tunnel to keep the humidity and climate around it stable."
The find is exciting readers around the web. @JalilCan ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) tweeted, "I keep seeing "Ancient Maya Carvings found..." these Archaeologists NEED TO LEAVE STUFF FOR PEOPLE LIKE ME TO FIND."
Other tweeters talked up the struggle between Maya powers ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) hinted at in the frieze, while others remarked at how the carvings used to be brightly colored ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).
—Ker Than
Published August 7, 2013
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]/new-maya-frieze-overview_70155_600x450.jpg
برای دیدن بقیه مطلب و تصاویر بیشتر به لینک بالا برید.
یک کنده کاری بزرگ و تقریبا به طور کامل سالم از مایاها در شهر نسبتا کوچک Holmul (که الان ظاهرا معلوم شده یه شهر استراتژیک بوده) پیدا شده
جالب اینکه از قبل یه تونل توسط افرادی که برای غارت شهر اومده بودن به سمت این کتیبه زده شده بوده، به طوری که اگه یکم دیگه میکندن بهش رسیده بودن
خبر خلاصه فارسی:
کشف يک کتيبه 1400 ساله در گواتمالا
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
تهران / واحد مرکزی خبر/ اجتماعی 1392/05/17
یک کتیبه 1400 ساله مربوط به قوم مایا در یک مرکز باستان‌شناسی در شمال گواتمالا کشف شد.
فرانسیسکو استرادا-بِلی ، باستان شناس گواتمالایی روز چهارشنبه اعلام کرد این یک کشف فوق العاده است که شاید در زندگی هر باستان شناس تنها یک بار اتفاق افتد. این کتیبه متعلق به مایاها در نوع خود جالب ترین کتیبه ای است که تا به امروز دیده شده است.
به گزارش خبرگزاری فرانسه از واشنگتن ، این کتیبه ماه ژوئیه در مرکز باستان شناسی شهر هولمول ، در 600 کیلومتری شمال پایتخت گواتمالا و نزدیک مرز مکزیک کشف شد.
این کتیبه گچی به عرض هشت متر و ارتفاع دو متر ، که تصاویر و نام های خدایان و حاکمانی که به الهه تبدیل شده اند در آن دیده می شود ، مرحله بسیار مهمی از تاریخ را بین سال های 250 تا 900 میلادی نشان می دهد.
این باستان شناس گفت این کتیبه یک اثر بزرگ هنری است و سه شخصیت اصلی آن لباس هایی فاخر از پر کِتزال (پرنده ای که سمبل گواتمالا است) و پشم بر تن دارند و روی تپه هایی به شکل هیولا نشسته اند.
175/163
مطلب اصلی از سایت نشنال جئوگرافیک:
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
Big Discovery
Photograph courtesy Francisco Estrada-Belli
Archaeologist Anya Shetler cleans an inscription below an ancient stucco frieze recently unearthed in the buried Maya ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) city of Holmul in the Peten region of Guatemala. Sunlight from a tunnel entrance highlights the carved legs of a ruler sitting atop the head of a Maya mountain spirit.
The enormous frieze—which measures 26 feet by nearly 7 feet (8 meters by 2 meters)—depicts human figures in a mythological setting, suggesting these may be deified rulers. It was discovered in July in the buried foundations of a rectangular pyramid in Holmul.
Maya archaeologist Francisco Estrada-Belli ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) and his team were excavating a tunnel left open by looters when they happened upon the frieze. "The looters had come close to it, but they hadn't seen it," Estrada-Belli said.
According to Estrada-Belli, the frieze is one of the best preserved examples of its kind. "It's 95 percent preserved. There's only one corner that's not well preserved because it's too close to the surface, but the rest of it isn't missing any parts," said Estrada-Belli, who is affiliated with Tulane University, Boston University, and the American Museum of Natural History and who is also a National Geographic Explorer ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]). His excavations at Holmul were supported by the National Geographic Society/Waitt Grants Program ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).
Maya archaeologist Marcello Canuto ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) agreed, calling the frieze "amazingly and beautifully preserved."
"We often dream of finding things this well preserved, and Francisco did it," said Canuto, who is the director of the Middle American Research Institute ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) at Tulane University in New Orleans; he was not involved in the project.
For example, despite being mostly faded away now, traces of red, blue, green, and yellow paint are still visible on the frieze.
"It gives you an idea of how intricate and ornate these sites that we are excavating must have been during their apogee," Canuto said. "These sites must have been a feast for the eyes when they were inhabited."
David Stuart, a Maya hieroglyph expert at the University of Texas at Austin, pointed out that archaeologists think most large Maya temples were probably decorated with similar sorts of designs.
"But not all temples were so carefully buried and preserved like this," said Stuart, who did not participate in the project. "Also, each temple facade was slightly different and therefore unique in terms of its detail and message." (Explore an interactive map of key Maya sites ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).)
Caught Between Two Great Powers
The section of the temple at Holmul where the frieze was found dates back to about A.D. 590, which corresponds to the Maya classical era, a period defined by the power struggles between two major Maya dynasties: Tikal and Kaanul.
The two kingdoms competed with one another for resources and for control of other, smaller Maya city-states. Until now, however, it had been unclear which dynasty Holmul owed its allegiance to, but an inscription on the newly discovered frieze reveals that the temple was commissioned by Ajwosaj, ruler of a neighboring city-state called Naranjo, which archaeologists know from other discoveries was a vassal city of the Kaanul kingdom.
"We now know that Holmul was under the influence of the Kaanul dynasty," Canuto said.
In 2012, Canuto's team found and deciphered a series of hieroglyphically inscribed panels at another Maya city of a similar size to Holmul, called La Corona ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]), which was also under the patronage of the Kaanul kingdom.
Recent discoveries at sites like La Corona and Holmul are helping reveal how these sites, despite being relatively small compared with some of their neighbors, were important players on the region's larger geopolitical stage.
"We're now beginning to appreciate how all these hierarchical levels of sites were involved in a larger political game that put them on [the side of either Tikal or Kaanul]," Canuto explained. (See "Why the Maya Fell ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).")
All About Location
Why was Holmul—a minor city that was home to only 10,000 to 20,000 people—so important to the Tikal and Kaanul dynasties?
Previous work by Estrada-Belli suggests Holmul occupied a strategic position for both kingdoms. The city lay along the best east-west route between the Tikal dynasty's capital city, also called Tikal, and the coast. It also lay along a north-south route between the Kaanul capital city of Dzibanche and the Guatemalan highlands that did not pass through Tikal territory.
The Guatemalan highlands contained precious resources such as basalt, obsidian, and jade that were coveted by both kingdoms.
"A [Maya] king without jade was no king at all," Canuto said.
By controlling Holmul in the east and La Corona in the west, the Kaanul dynasty was able to effectively access these riches without going through the capital city of its rival.
(See video of a Maya mural and calendar uncovered by National Geographic grantee Bill Saturno in Guatemala ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).)
Staying Put for Now
The frieze still lies buried in Holmul where it was initially discovered because it is too big to move, said lead archaeologist Estrada-Belli.
"We're going to try to preserve it and create a stable environment around it so people can eventually visit it," he said.
"We're very concerned about its present condition, so we had to re-bury the entrance tunnel to keep the humidity and climate around it stable."
The find is exciting readers around the web. @JalilCan ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) tweeted, "I keep seeing "Ancient Maya Carvings found..." these Archaeologists NEED TO LEAVE STUFF FOR PEOPLE LIKE ME TO FIND."
Other tweeters talked up the struggle between Maya powers ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]) hinted at in the frieze, while others remarked at how the carvings used to be brightly colored ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]).
—Ker Than
Published August 7, 2013
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]/new-maya-frieze-overview_70155_600x450.jpg
برای دیدن بقیه مطلب و تصاویر بیشتر به لینک بالا برید.