مشاهده نسخه کامل
: ehsan_wwe
15-11-2008, 00:09
Start with a cylinder.
Thats right, I said a cylinder. Why a cylinder? Well because the human or horse or dragon or alien or insect or (insert anything organic here) form is CYLINDRICAL! Why in the world would you create extra work for yourself by having to tweak every face that you extrude from a model into a round shape, when you could have started with a round shape in the first place. There are two cylinders you can use, the 6 sided and the 8 sided. 8 works best, but if you are going for really low poly, 6 will work. The reason 8 works so well is that the human body is divided into regions, much like the earth. There is a left and right side, and a front and back. the 8 sided cylinder will give you a line dividing the character down the center (useful for mirroring over) and a line down either side. The remaining 4 lines give you the 3/4 lines that define the roundness of the shape.
Ok, now on to a real world example. In true cooking channel fashion, I have a model already completed to the exact point I want to illustrate. How convenient!
Place your cylinders in front of your reference images (always use reference images). Scale them to the basic length and size of what they are going to end up being. In this instance, the light blue is an arm, the green the torso, and the yellow is the leg. for now, dont mirror the torso yet.
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] this step I grab each cross section (a cross section is the ring of vertices or edges traveling perpendicular to the tube, and fibers are the lines and vertices traveling parallel to the tube) and scale them to fit that part of the reference image. Do this in both the side and front orthographic viewports. the arm and torso are finished, but the leg is still only halfway done. Not only does it need more definition, but it also has a case of "tube syndrome". (tube syndrome is when the cross sections remain perpendicular and the fibers remain parellel to the original cylinder. If you notice in the arms and the torso, the cross secions have been rotated to better fit the item they are defining. In the shoulder they rotate to define the deltoid. In the torso they rotate to define the chest. Doing this can add loads of definition to your model, without having to add more poly's. On the leg, the cross sections have been rotated to define the buttox from the side, but from the front, they are still very much flat. they still need to be rotated to help define the leg.
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
THIS APPLIES TO HIGH POLY MODELING TOO! I cannot count the number of crappily made models I have seen here at school and on the internet, where the wireframe looks just like a checkerboard.. The lines do not follow the contour of the muscles and body at all. This results in poor deformations, as well as slower rendering times, because you have to add more and more cross sections to get the desired shape. This way will take longer, but it will yeild superior results to an object with "tube syndrome". You will have to massage and carress your model into having proper topology in it's surface, as well as its wireframe. But people who take this extra time, are the ones who have great models, instead of mediocre models.
Notice how much better the leg looks, now that the cross sections are rotated to help define the leg. It is subtle, but it makes a big difference. Once your cylinders are in their rough proportions, and you are happy with them, Split the torso down the middle and mirror it over, so that you only have to do everything once. I combined the three cylinders so that I could join them.
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] this picture, I am showing how I define the stomachs on all my characters. The cross section orginally traveled where the red line lies. The yellow line shows where it has been pulled to. This allows you to define the lower edge of the rib cage, and the obliques (V shaped muscles traveling towards the groin)[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] I have further defined the abs and the obliques, as well as the lower edge of the ribcage. [ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] inm order to make a model flow correctly, you have to totally ignore the current flow of fibers and cross sections, and redirect them. I had to do this for the pectoral muscles. The yellow line shows where I made cuts, and then welded vertices, and drew new lines in order to accomadate this new definition.[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] I added even more lines, and really made the chest read as a chest instead of a rough shape extruded out, which is what many people try to do with their muscles. If you dont know what it looks like under the skin, if you dont know how it inserts, and where, then do not try to do a model that has defined muscles. Period. Do not attempt to make up muscles either, and claim that it is an Alien or a Monster, and it doesnt matter because the muscles are made up. You have to know correct anatomy before you can make up your own. This is where life drawing sessions are key. [ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] this step I started defining the buttox, and lower back muscles. Notice how I am disreguarding where the current lines lie, and will redraw, or remove existing lines in order to help make the correct flow. [ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] order to define a muscle, or any feature for that matter, you have have to set its outline, or valley. The yellow lines are the "valley". then you have to draw the actual definition lines, or Peaks. The red lines are the "peaks". The valley's make it so that when you bring out the peaks, and then scale them , the definition is limited to within the valley lines. Many times, people will draw peaks, but not valleys, then when they scale the peaks, there is nothign to contain their definition, so the muscles end up wonky. (wonky is an official term, coined by my great drawing 2 teacher)[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ])
Thats right, I said a cylinder. Why a cylinder? Well because the human or horse or dragon or alien or insect or (insert anything organic here) form is CYLINDRICAL! Why in the world would you create extra work for yourself by having to tweak every face that you extrude from a model into a round shape, when you could have started with a round shape in the first place. There are two cylinders you can use, the 6 sided and the 8 sided. 8 works best, but if you are going for really low poly, 6 will work. The reason 8 works so well is that the human body is divided into regions, much like the earth. There is a left and right side, and a front and back. the 8 sided cylinder will give you a line dividing the character down the center (useful for mirroring over) and a line down either side. The remaining 4 lines give you the 3/4 lines that define the roundness of the shape.
Ok, now on to a real world example. In true cooking channel fashion, I have a model already completed to the exact point I want to illustrate. How convenient!
Place your cylinders in front of your reference images (always use reference images). Scale them to the basic length and size of what they are going to end up being. In this instance, the light blue is an arm, the green the torso, and the yellow is the leg. for now, dont mirror the torso yet.
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] this step I grab each cross section (a cross section is the ring of vertices or edges traveling perpendicular to the tube, and fibers are the lines and vertices traveling parallel to the tube) and scale them to fit that part of the reference image. Do this in both the side and front orthographic viewports. the arm and torso are finished, but the leg is still only halfway done. Not only does it need more definition, but it also has a case of "tube syndrome". (tube syndrome is when the cross sections remain perpendicular and the fibers remain parellel to the original cylinder. If you notice in the arms and the torso, the cross secions have been rotated to better fit the item they are defining. In the shoulder they rotate to define the deltoid. In the torso they rotate to define the chest. Doing this can add loads of definition to your model, without having to add more poly's. On the leg, the cross sections have been rotated to define the buttox from the side, but from the front, they are still very much flat. they still need to be rotated to help define the leg.
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
THIS APPLIES TO HIGH POLY MODELING TOO! I cannot count the number of crappily made models I have seen here at school and on the internet, where the wireframe looks just like a checkerboard.. The lines do not follow the contour of the muscles and body at all. This results in poor deformations, as well as slower rendering times, because you have to add more and more cross sections to get the desired shape. This way will take longer, but it will yeild superior results to an object with "tube syndrome". You will have to massage and carress your model into having proper topology in it's surface, as well as its wireframe. But people who take this extra time, are the ones who have great models, instead of mediocre models.
Notice how much better the leg looks, now that the cross sections are rotated to help define the leg. It is subtle, but it makes a big difference. Once your cylinders are in their rough proportions, and you are happy with them, Split the torso down the middle and mirror it over, so that you only have to do everything once. I combined the three cylinders so that I could join them.
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] this picture, I am showing how I define the stomachs on all my characters. The cross section orginally traveled where the red line lies. The yellow line shows where it has been pulled to. This allows you to define the lower edge of the rib cage, and the obliques (V shaped muscles traveling towards the groin)[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] I have further defined the abs and the obliques, as well as the lower edge of the ribcage. [ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] inm order to make a model flow correctly, you have to totally ignore the current flow of fibers and cross sections, and redirect them. I had to do this for the pectoral muscles. The yellow line shows where I made cuts, and then welded vertices, and drew new lines in order to accomadate this new definition.[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] I added even more lines, and really made the chest read as a chest instead of a rough shape extruded out, which is what many people try to do with their muscles. If you dont know what it looks like under the skin, if you dont know how it inserts, and where, then do not try to do a model that has defined muscles. Period. Do not attempt to make up muscles either, and claim that it is an Alien or a Monster, and it doesnt matter because the muscles are made up. You have to know correct anatomy before you can make up your own. This is where life drawing sessions are key. [ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] this step I started defining the buttox, and lower back muscles. Notice how I am disreguarding where the current lines lie, and will redraw, or remove existing lines in order to help make the correct flow. [ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] order to define a muscle, or any feature for that matter, you have have to set its outline, or valley. The yellow lines are the "valley". then you have to draw the actual definition lines, or Peaks. The red lines are the "peaks". The valley's make it so that when you bring out the peaks, and then scale them , the definition is limited to within the valley lines. Many times, people will draw peaks, but not valleys, then when they scale the peaks, there is nothign to contain their definition, so the muscles end up wonky. (wonky is an official term, coined by my great drawing 2 teacher)[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ]
[ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ] ([ برای مشاهده لینک ، لطفا با نام کاربری خود وارد شوید یا ثبت نام کنید ])