ادامه بخش اول اروپا
Ischia
کشور : ایتالیا
ناحیه : ایتالیا
شماره آتشفشان : 0101*03=
نوع آتشفشان : آتشفشان مرکب
وضعیت آتشفشان : هیستوریکال
آخرین فوران : 1650
ارتفاع : 789 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 40.73°N
طول جغرافیایی : 13.897°E
The Ischia volcanic complex forms a rectangular, 6 x 9 km island immediately SW of the Campi Flegrei area at the western side of the Bay of Naples. The eruption of the trachytic Green Tuff ignimbrite about 55,000 years ago was followed by caldera formation. The high point on the island, 789-m-high Monte Epemeo, is a volcanic horst composed of the Green Tuff ignimbrite deposit that was submerged after its eruption and then uplifted. Volcanism on the island has been significantly affected by tectonism that formed a series of horsts and grabens; at least 800 m of uplift has formed as a result of resurgent doming during past 33,000 years. Many small monogenetic volcanoes were formed around the uplifted block. Volcanism during the Holocene produced a series of pumiceous tephras, tuff rings, lava domes, and lava flows, and a major collapse of Mount Epemeo produced a large submarine debris-avalanche deposit. The latest eruption of Ischia, in 1302 AD, produced a spatter cone and the Arso lava flow, which reached the NE coast.
Kabargin Oth Group
کشور : گرجستان
ناحیه : گرجستان
شماره آتشفشان : 0104-03-
نوع آتشفشان : مخروطه های خاکستر
وضعیت آتشفشان : هلوسن
آخرین فوران : نامعلوم
ارتفاع : 3650 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 42.55°N
طول جغرافیایی : 44.00°E
The Kabargin Oth volcano group consists of a dozen andesitic-to-dacitic cinder cones and lava domes of lower-Pleistocene to Holocene age. These volcanoes were constructed near the Georgia-Russia border SW of Kasbek volcano.
Karaca Dag
کشور : ترکیه
ناحیه : ترکیه
شماره آتشفشان : 0103-011
نوع آتشفشان : آتشفشان سپری
وضعیت آتشفشان : هلوسن
آخرین فوران : نامعلوم
ارتفاع : 1975 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 37.67°N
طول جغرافیایی : 39.83°E
Karaca Dag (also known as Karacalidag) is a broad, 1957-m-high basaltic shield volcano in SE Turkey about 100 km north of the Syrian border. The volcano lies on the Arabian foreland about 150 km SW of the boundary with the Anatolian Plate and has been active since the Pliocene along a N-S-trending set of fissures and craters associated with the nearby Akcakale graben. Potassium-Argon dates of mid-Pleistocene age have been obtained from Karaca Dag lava flows, but Landsat imagery suggests that some lava flows, particularly those on the east flank, may perhaps be only a few thousand years old (Pearce et al., 1990).
Karapinar Field
کشور : ترکیه
ناحیه : ترکیه
شماره آتشفشان : 0103-001
نوع آتشفشان : گنبدهای خاکستری
وضعیت آتشفشان : هلوسن
آخرین فوران : نامعلوم
ارتفاع :1302 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 37.67°N
طول جغرافیایی : 33.65°E
he basaltic Karapinar volcanic field is comprised of five cinder cones, two lava fields and several explosion craters and maars located on the Konya-Eregli plain SW of the Karacadag stratovolcano. The 300-m-high Meke Dagi is one of the largest cinder cones in Central Anatolia. The explosion craters and maars are located along a SW-NE line consistent with the elongation of Karacadag volcano. The maars evolved from hyaloclastite tuff rings to maars to cinder cones, reflecting varying lake water levels during the eruption.
Kasbek
کشور : گرجستان
ناحیه : گرجستان
شماره آتشفشان : 0104-02-
نوع آتشفشان : استراولکانو
وضعیت آتشفشان :Tephrochronology
آخرین فوران : 750 BC ± 50 years
ارتفاع : 5050 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 42.70°N
طول جغرافیایی : 44.50 E
The 5050-m-high, glacier-covered Kasbek stratovolcano in the Caucasus Mountains of Georgia, just south of the border with Russia, has produced long lava flows down flank valleys. Next to Mount Elbrus, Kasbek is the highest volcano in Caucasus Mountains. The summit cone and the latest lava flows are of postglacial age, and the latest andesitic-dacitic lava flow was radiocarbon dated at about 6000 years ago. Gushchenko (1979) listed an 800-700 BC eruption from Kasbek
Kos
کشور : یونان
ناحیه : یونان
شماره آتشفشان : 010206=A
نوع آتشفشان : کلدرا
وضعیت آتشفشان : Pleistocene-Fumarolic
آخرین فوران : پلیستوسن
ارتفاع : 430 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 36.852°N
طول جغرافیایی : 27.251°E
The island of Kos is dominantly non-volcanic but contains Miocene to Pleistocene volcanic centers. The Kamari caldera is of mid-Pleistocene age and contains the 1.0-0.55 million-year-old, post-caldera Zini lava dome. The widespread Kos Plateau Tuff (160,000 years ago), which blankets much of the western half of Kos, originated from a submarine source between Kos and Nisyros islands and resulted in the formation of a large caldera. The caldera dimensions are uncertain, but may extend as much as 20 km from Kefalos Bay in SW Kos Island to Nisyros Island. Kos was included in the Catalog of Active Volcanoes of the World (Georgalas, 1962) based on its geothermal activity. Several solfatara fields are found on Kos island, including Vromotopos at Kefalos Isthmus on the western side of the island and a group of thermal areas at the eastern side of Kos. Thermal activity consists of weak hydrogen sulfide emission, sulfur deposits, and two hot springs along the southeastern coast.
Kula
کشور : ترکیه
ناحیه : ترکیه
شماره آتشفشان : 0103-00-
نوع آتشفشان : مخروطه های خاکستر
وضعیت آتشفشان : هلوسن
آخرین فوران : نامعلوم
ارتفاع : 750? متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 38.58°N
طول جغرافیایی : 28.52°E
The Kula volcanic field, the westernmost area of young volcanism in Turkey, lies about 450 km WNW of its closest Holocene neighbor in central Turkey, the Karapinar volcanic field. The Kula field consists of a broad area of Quaternary alkaline basanitic-to-phonotephritic cinder cones and maars erupted along a roughly E-W-trending line SW of the city of Selendi. Most of the Kula volcanoes are Pleistocene in age, between about 1.1 million and 10,000 years old. The initial stage produced lava flows from vents along the ring fracture of caldera identified from satellite images. The second and third stages took place along an E-W-trending graben and produced lava flows with ultramafic xenoliths. Although activity was considered to have continued until the beginning of the Holocene (Yilmaz, 1990), or almost to historical times (Borsi et al., 1972), the age of the most recent eruption from the Kula field is not known.
Larderello
کشور : ایتالیا
ناحیه : ایتالیا
شماره آتشفشان : 0101-001
نوع آتشفشان : دهانه انفجاری
وضعیت آتشفشان : هیستوریکال
آخرین فوران : 1282
ارتفاع :500? متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 43.25°N
طول جغرافیایی : 10.87°E
Larderello, one of the world's most productive geothermal areas, is located in the southern part of the Tuscany region of Italy. This extensive solfatara field lies in an area underlain by sediments of Eocene-to-Pliocene age. The geothermal activity is considered to be related to a cooling granitic pluton of Pliocene age beneath sedimentary and metamorphic rocks ranging from Paleozoic to Tertiary age, although the area is cut by faults with hydrothermal mineralization related to Pliocene-to-Quaternary Tuscan magmatism. The only surficial morphological manifestation of volcanism is a series of about a dozen explosion craters 30-250 m in diameter. The Lago Vecchienna crater, now filled by a 250-m-wide lake, ejected blocks and ash during a phreatic eruption in about 1282 AD (Marinelli, 1969).
Lipari
کشور : اینالیا
ناحیه : ایتالیا
شماره آتشفشان : 0101-042
نوع آتشفشان : استراولکانو
وضعیت آتشفشان : هیستوریکال
آخرین فوران : 729 AD (?)
ارتفاع : 602 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 38.48°N
طول جغرافیایی : 14.95°E
Lipari, the largest of the Aeolian Islands, is located immediately north of Vulcano Island. The irregular-shaped island contains numerous small stratovolcanoes, craters, and lava domes on a basement of submarine volcanic deposits. Lipari was formed in three major eruptive cycles, the first of which took place from about 223 to 188 thousand years ago (ka) from N-S-trending fissures on the western side of the island. The second eruptive period from about 102 to 53 ka included the formation of the Monte San Angelo and Costa d'Agosto stratovolcanoes in the center of the island. The third eruptive cycle (40 ka to the present) included the Monte Guardia sequence, erupted at the southern tip of the island between about 22,600 and 16,800 years ago, and Holocene rhyolitic pyroclastic deposits and obsidian lava flows at the NE end of the island. The latest eruption, at Monte Pilato on the NE tip of the island, formed the Rocche Rosse and Forgia Vecchia obsidian lava flows, which have been dated variously at about 580 AD (Crisci et al., 1991; De Rosa et al., 2003), or 729 AD (historical evidence from Cortese et al., 1986). Objects made of obsidian from Lipari have been found throughout southern Italy.
Methana
کشور : گرجستان
ناحیه : گرجستان
شماره آتشفشان : 0102-02=
نوع آتشفشان : گنبد لاوا
وضعیت آتشفشان : هیستوریکال
آخرین فوران : 285 BC
ارتفاع :760 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 37.615°N
طول جغرافیایی : 23.336°E
Methana volcano consists of a basaltic-andesite to rhyodacitic lava dome complex forming the Methana Peninsula in the Sarronian Gulf on the NE side of Peloponnesus. Potassium-Argon ages for the older part of the complex range from 900,000 to 320,000 years. The youngest dome, Kameno Vouno, on the NW side of the peninsula, was formed in the 3rd century BC and produced a lava flow that traveled 500 m beyond the coastline.
Mílos
کشور : یونان
ناحیه : یونان
شماره آتشفشان : 0102-03=
نوع آتشفشان : استراولکانو
وضعیت آتشفشان : رادیوکربن
آخرین فوران : 140 AD ( درصد خطا 300 سال )
ارتفاع : 751 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی : 36.699°N
طول جغرافیایی : 24.439°E
Mílos and adjacent small islands have grown from submarine and subaerial volcanism that initially was dominantly andesitic and basaltic, but ended with predominately rhyolitic eruptions. The oldest volcanic rocks are Pliocene submarine rhyolitic pyroclastic-flow deposits overlying basement metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. The latest activity during the late Pleistocene was concentrated in the eastern half of the low, U-shaped Mílos Island, forming lava domes and phreatic explosion craters, and on Antimílos Island to the NW, where a composite volcano was constructed. The youngest magmatic eruptions took place about 90,000 years ago, but phreatic explosions, commonly producing overlapping craters rarely more than 1 km in diameter, continued from late-Pleistocene to Recent times. A lahar deposit in SE Mílos, east of Fyriplaka tuff ring, buried walls of a Roman harbor town and overlies a coarse ash layer, and was considered to originate from a small phreatic explosion through basement rocks.
Nemrut Dagi
کشور : ترکیه
ناحیه : ترکیه
شماره آتشفشان : 0103-02
نوع آتشفشان : استراولکانو
وضعیت آتشفشان : هیستوریکال
آخرین فوران : 1650
ارتفاع : 2948 متر
عرض جغرلفیایی :38.65°N
طول جغرافیایی :42.23°E
Nemrut Dagi is the westernmost of a group of volcanoes near Lake Van in eastern Anatolia and the only one that has erupted in historical time. Nemrut Dagi contains a 9 x 5 km caldera partially filled on its western side by a caldera lake. Post-caldera volcanism, of basaltic to rhyolitic composition, initially occurred along the caldera rim and floor. Pyroclastic flows and the emission of glassy obsidian lava flows accompanied construction of lava domes within the caldera; later activity formed a series of cinder cones and lava domes erupted along N-S-trending fissures on the northern flank. The most recent activity has been concentrated along a NNW-trending fissure cutting the eastern caldera floor and extending beyond the north caldera rim; nearly two dozen cinder cones and lava domes were constructed on the caldera floor. Ash layers in Lake Van document numerous Holocene eruptions, and an historical eruption in 1441 AD from a north-flank fissure involved compositionally bimodal lava flows.
ادامه دارد MHD 007
جواب بصورت نقل قول
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